Pregnancy-induced hyperphagia is associated with increased gene expression of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide in rats

Rocha, Milagros; Chen, Bing; Williams, Gareth; Puerta, Marisa

doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(03)00119-8

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, the Agrp mRNA level was still considerably higher than in control rats. Rocha et al (2003) presented similar results showing that Agrp expression increased substantially in the hypothalamus during pregnancy. Furthermore, they found that another peptide, NPY, which is co-produced with AGRP by the same neurons and also regulates food intake, was not altered during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Changes of agouti-related protein in hypothalamus, placenta, and serum during pregnancy in the rat

Szczepankiewicz

Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek²,

Kaczmarek³

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a homolog of the agouti protein and acts as an antagonist of peptides derived from propiomelanocortin through melanocortin receptors. This peptide is produced mainly in the hypothalamus, particularly during negative energy balance and influences increased food intake. In the hypothalamus, this peptide is co-expressed in arcuate nuclei with neuropeptide Y, another important peptide that regulates energy metabolisms. In our study, we analyzed changes in the Agrp mRNA level in the hypothalamus as well as mRNA and protein levels in placenta during different stages of rat pregnancy. We also investigated the AGRP level in the blood serum. In this study, we found the AGRP level in serum increased, while its gene expression in the hypothalamus increased only up to the 13th day of pregnancy, and decreased on the 18th day. This study demonstrates that AGRP is expressed during late pregnancy in placenta. Moreover, we found that AGRP expression is higher on the 18th than on the 13th day of pregnancy. Our results indicate that AGRP may play an important role during pregnancy in the mother's and, possibly, also in the fetus's energy balance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Therefore, the decline in the expression of anorexigenic POMC peptides during pregnancy is obvious (Rocha et al 2003). Rocha et al (2003) also found significant changes in the melanocortin receptor 4 gene expression. However, the expression of this receptor was higher in pregnant than in control rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Changes of agouti-related protein in hypothalamus, placenta, and serum during pregnancy in the rat

Szczepankiewicz

Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek²,

Kaczmarek³

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Pregnancy is a model of physiologically driven alterations in insulin sensitivity that changes from an enhanced state in the first third of pregnancy to a reduced one in the last third (Leturque et al 1986(Leturque et al , 1987. At the same time, an increase in WAT mass takes place during pregnancy ( Rocha et al 2003). We measured resistin expression in three different WAT depots at three different times during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are compatible with the anti-adipogenic role proposed for resistin. In short, it seems that in early pregnancy not only is there an increase in both food intake (Abelenda & Puerta 1987, Rocha et al 2003 and insulin sensitivity (Fig. 2) to allow maternal growth but an anti-adipogenic state also exists that prevents the deposition in the form of fat of the extra fuels ingested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnancy is therefore a suitable model for studying natural changes in insulin sensitivity and the related endocrine factors. On the other hand, WAT depots increase their mass during pregnancy (Rocha et al 2003), so it is also a suitable model for studying adipogenesis. The aim of this paper was to test whether resistin expression or plasma concentration change during pregnancy and, if so, to relate those changes to corresponding alterations in insulin sensitivity and WAT mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistin expression and plasma concentration peak at different times during pregnancy in rats

Caja

Martínez²,

Abelenda³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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Resistin has been proposed as both an anti-adipogenic factor and an inducer of insulin resistance. During late pregnancy, white adipose tissue mass increases and insulin sensitivity decreases. To check for the involvement of resistin in these processes, we measured plasma resistin in pregnant and non-pregnant rats and in lactating dams. Plasma resistin increased by day 15 of pregnancy and remained high 5 days post partum. The simultaneous increase in plasma resistin concentration and the decrease in insulin sensitivity is compatible with resistin depressing maternal insulin sensitivity. Resistin expression increased 5-15 times in visceral white adipose tissue depots by day 8 of pregnancy but was similar to pre-pregnancy values by day 19. Resistin expression in the placenta and mammary gland was similar to that in the parametrial adipose depot by day 8 but was almost null by day 19. There was therefore a time-lag between the peaks in expression and in plasma concentration. White adipose tissue mass increased without changes in adipocyte size once peaks in resistin expression had passed, which is compatible with an anti-adipogenic role for enhanced resistin expression. A bolus injection of chorionic gonadotrophin -which peaks in early pregnancy -to non-pregnant rats increased resistin expression in white adipose tissue, indicating that this hormone is involved in controlling resistin expression. Resistin was not detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Our results have suggested a role for resistin in pregnancy.

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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti‐related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women

Gustavsson

Andersson‐Hall

Pelanis

et al. 2016

Obesity

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Objective: During pregnancy, metabolic interactions must be adapted, though neuroendocrine mechanisms for increased food intake are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pregnant women with normal weight (NW) and pregnant women with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Placenta as a source for increased peripheral AgRP levels during pregnancy was also investigated. Methods: Women were recruited at admission for elective cesarean section. Insulin, AgRP, and leptin were measured in serum and CSF from 30 NW, 25 OW, and 21 OB at term. Serum during pregnancy and placenta at term were collected for further AgRP analysis. Results: Immunohistology showed placental production of AgRP and serum AgRP levels increased throughout pregnancy. CSF AgRP, leptin, and insulin levels were higher in OW and OB than NW. Serum leptin and insulin levels were higher and AgRP lower in OB than NW. Conclusions: High serum AgRP levels might protect from the suppressive effects of leptin during pregnancy. Pregnant women with OB and OW might further be protected from the suppressive effect of leptin by high CSF AgRP levels. Evidence was found, for the first time, of human placental AgRP production mirrored by levels in the circulation.

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Pregnancy-induced hyperphagia is associated with increased gene expression of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide in rats

Cited by 49 publications

References 45 publications

Changes of agouti-related protein in hypothalamus, placenta, and serum during pregnancy in the rat

Changes of agouti-related protein in hypothalamus, placenta, and serum during pregnancy in the rat

Resistin expression and plasma concentration peak at different times during pregnancy in rats

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti‐related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women

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