Preliminary Clinical Application of Complete Workflow of Digitally Designed and Manufactured Sports Mouthguards

Li, Zheng; Wang, Shimin; Ye, Hongqiang; Lv, Longwei; Zhao, Xin; Liu, Yunsong; Zhou, Yongsheng

doi:10.11607/ijp.6348

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…More recently, new approaches have been described employing technical engineering polymers like polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The tests showed that PEEK is not suitable for mouthguards as they presented a reduction in the thickness of the occlusal surface, after the forming process, compromising the device protection capacity [105].…”

Section: Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few studies are reported in the literature for the fabrication of mouthguards by 3D printing. In a study by Li and co-workers, the use of digital software to design a PEEK-based mouthguard is suggested [105]. They compared the final printed devices with other protectors made by conventional techniques (vacuum-pressure forming), and no significant differences in retention were found.…”

Section: D Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

et al. 2020

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Athletes from contact sports are more prone to orofacial injuries because of the exposure to possible shocks and collisions derived from physical proximity. The use of protector polymeric mouthguards proved to be useful in the prevention of the described injuries. There are different types of mouthguards with varying ranges of protection and prices, but they are all made from polymers and share the same propose: to absorb and dissipate the impact energy resulting from the shocks. As they are used inside the mouth, they should not impair breathing and speaking nor compromise the comfort of the athlete. However, the ideal mouthguard is yet to be created. The choice of the most appropriate polymeric material and the standard required properties have not yet been reported. Regardless of the numerous studies in this field, normalized control parameters for both material characterization and mouthguard fabrication are absent. This paper aims to present a review of the current types of available mouthguards and their properties/characteristics. Moreover, a detailed description of the most common polymers for the fabrication of mouthguards, together with the manufacturing techniques, are discussed.

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Section: Other Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

et al. 2020

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“…Well-fitted custom-made MGs have been shown to be more effective in suppressing the vibration of impacted teeth [48]. Digital dentistry has the potential to produce a MG in a single day [33,34]. When fabricating MGs with a conventional vacuum or pressure forming machine, uniform thicknesses could not be achieved and may vary depending on the anatomic features of the dentition model [33].…”

Section: D-printed Prototype Of a Sports Mouthguardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CAD/CAM system offers an alternative to processing indirect dental restorations and fixed prostheses. Recently, these techniques have been expanded for application towards oral drug-delivery devices, mouthpiece-type orthodontic treatment devices, and MGs [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Shock Absorbing Photopolymer Composite Material for 3D Printing Sports Mouthguard

Tun

Churei

Hara

et al. 2020

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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Sports mouthguards (MGs) can reduce the risks of sports-related oral injuries. The aim of this study was to fabricate a composite photopolymer with shock-absorbing properties suitable for use in 3D-printed MGs. By using a commercial, flexible, rubber-like photopolymer as matrix and a commercial rigid simulated polypropylene photopolymer as a reinforcement material, five composites with different Shore A hardness levels were fabricated. Furthermore, four laminated materials were prepared to assess the improvement effects associated with adding a rigid outer layer. The five composites and four laminated materials were evaluated in terms of their shock absorbing capabilities via a steel ball drop impact test along with two types of conventional mouthguard materials. The rubber-like photopolymer composite material compounded with the rigid photopolymer with a Shore A hardness of 50 showed excellent shock absorbing capabilities that were compatible with conventional mouthguard materials, suggesting that this shock absorbing photopolymer composite is a candidate material for 3D-printed sports MGs. If the commercial flexible rubber-like photopolymer is to be applied alone without reinforcement, laminating a rigid photopolymer on the outer surface may be an effective means of improving the shock absorption capabilities of such a MG. We succeeded in fabricating a prototype of a doublelayered mouthguard with these composite materials using a 3D digital dental workflow.

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“…This would imply a simultaneous printing of both, the inner and outer layers, from biocompatible material with at least two shore hardness grades. Manufacturing a single layer MG in a digital workflow has been reported recently [ 18 ]. Another clinical case demonstrated multi-material silicone printing for an extraoral utilization [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Material 3D Printing of a Customized Sports Mouth Guard: Proof-of-Concept Clinical Case

Unkovskiy

Huettig²,

Kraemer-Fernandez³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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A multilayer mouth guard is known to have the best protective performance. However, its manufacturing in a digital workflow may be challenging with regards to virtual design and materialization. The present case demonstrates a pathway to fabricate a multilayer individualized mouth guard in a fully digital workflow, which starts with intraoral scanning. A free-form CAD software was used for the virtual design. Two various CAM techniques were used, including Polyjet 3D printing of rubber-like soft material and silicone printing using Drop-on-Demand technique. For both methods the outer layer was manufactured from more rigid materials to facilitate its protective function; the inner layer was printed from a softer material to aid a better adaptation to mucosa and teeth. Both 3D printed multilayer mouth guards showed a clinically acceptable fit and were met with patient appraisal. Their protective capacities must be evaluated in further clinical studies.

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Preliminary Clinical Application of Complete Workflow of Digitally Designed and Manufactured Sports Mouthguards

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

Present Status in Polymeric Mouthguards. A Future Area for Additive Manufacturing?

Fabrication of Shock Absorbing Photopolymer Composite Material for 3D Printing Sports Mouthguard

Multi-Material 3D Printing of a Customized Sports Mouth Guard: Proof-of-Concept Clinical Case

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