Preliminary comparisons between mutagenicity and magnetic susceptibility of respirable airborne particulate

Morris, William A.; Versteeg, J.K.; Bryant, Douglas W.; Legzdins, A. E.; McCarry, Brian E.; Märvin, Chris H.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00203-b

Cited by 88 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These studies have found that the magnetic signature displays a complicated behaviour, which is related to other pollution data, but is also strongly effected by meteorological variations, and in addition is highly site dependent. Morris et al (1995) found a strong correlation between the magnetic susceptibility of daily sampled PM and pollutants such as NO 2 . However, susceptibility yields only limited information about the magnetic content if no other magnetic information is known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, susceptibility yields only limited information about the magnetic content if no other magnetic information is known. Muxworthy et al (2001) extended the work of Morris et al (1995) by measuring magnetic hysteresis of urban PM. Magnetic hysteresis data is more descriptive than susceptibility data as it provides more information about mineralogy, grain size and concentration (Dunlop and Özdemir, 1997), which in turn provides more information about the source and characteristics of the PM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a limited number of studies which have tried to resolve this relationship by examining time series (Morris et al, 1995;Muxworthy et al, 2001). These studies have found that the magnetic signature displays a complicated behaviour, which is related to other pollution data, but is also strongly effected by meteorological variations, and in addition is highly site dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron impurities in fossil fuels convert on combustion to magnetic iron oxides, i.e., magnetite, hematite or a mixture of both. Due to its combustion origin, magnetic PM is not only dangerous in itself (Phumala et al, 1999;Garcon et al, 2000;, but is also associated with other hazardous pollutants which are injected into the atmosphere during combustion (Morris et al, 1995;Muxworthy et al, 2001). PM in vehicle exhaust is dominated by particles < 10 μm, i.e., PM 10 (Kim et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial proposal for this study was to advance and improve on the studies of Morris et al (1995) and Muxworthy et al (2001), by measuring time series of PM using magnetic techniques which allowed for: daily samples to be measured, changes in magnetic stability (controlled by grain-size and mineralogy) and total magnetic content to be determined, and for long time series to be measured to reduce statistical error. In Morris et al (1995) and in particularly in Muxworthy et al (2001) the number of data points used in the statistical analysis was rather low; as a rough guideline the number of data points should be at least ~100.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic signature of daily sampled urban atmospheric particles

Muxworthy

Matzka

Dávila

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

104

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The magnetic signature of two sets of daily-sampled particulate matter (PM) collected in Munich, Germany, were examined and compared to variations in other pollution data and meteorological data using principal component analysis. The magnetic signature arising from the magnetic minerals in the PM, was examined using a fast and highly sensitive magnetic remanence measurement. The longest data set studied was 160 days, significantly longer than that of similar magnetic PM studies improving the statistical robustness. It was found that the variations in the mass dependent magnetic parameters displayed a complicated relationship governed by both the meteorological conditions and the PM loading rate, whereas mineralogy/grain-size dependent magnetic parameters displayed little variation. A six-fold increase in the number of vehicles passing the sampling locations only doubled the magnetic remanence of the samples, suggesting that the measured magnetic signature is in addition strongly influenced by dispersion rates. At both localities the saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) was found to be strongly correlated with the PM mass, and it is suggested that measuring SIRM as a proxy for PM monitoring is a viable alternative to magnetic susceptibility when the samples are magnetically too weak. The signal was found to be dominated by magnetite-like grains less than 100 nm in diameter which is thought to be derived primarily from vehicles. Such small grains are known to be particularly dangerous to humans. There was also evidence to suggest from magnetic stability parameters that the magnetite-like grains were covered with an oxidised rim. The concentration of magnetic particulate matter was in the range of 0.3-0.5% by mass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%