Preliminary nuclear magnetic resonance studies on human saliva

Yamada-Nosaka, Atsuko; Fukutomi, Shigeru; Uemura, Shusaburo; Hashida, Tatsuo; Fujishita, Masami; Kobayashi, Yuji; Kyōgoku, Yoshimasa

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(91)90025-p

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Urea has been shown to negatively correlate with salivary bacterial load as well as dental plaque as it is utilized by oral bacteria [60,95]. Previous metabolomic study of PS has been complicated by low spectral resolution or low number of donors [20,96]. 1 H-NMR spectra of SM/SL saliva have also been published but these suffer from the same low resolution as well as the presence of sialadenitis (gland inflammation) in the donor [20].…”

Section: Role Of Host-microbiome Interactions In Modifying Salivary Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous metabolomic study of PS has been complicated by low spectral resolution or low number of donors [20,96]. 1 H-NMR spectra of SM/SL saliva have also been published but these suffer from the same low resolution as well as the presence of sialadenitis (gland inflammation) in the donor [20]. Figure 4 shows a comparison between PS and SM/SL saliva collected from the same donor.…”

Section: Role Of Host-microbiome Interactions In Modifying Salivary Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early 1 H-NMR studies of salivary metabolite composition were performed at low magnetic field strengths by modern standards, leading to relatively low resolution. Additionally, minimal assignments were made to the spectral peaks, partly due to overlapped resonances from macromolecules and insufficient attenuation of the relatively large water resonance [18][19][20]. The earliest 1 H-NMR study of saliva with comprehensive assignments was that of Silwood et al, 2003 [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function

2020

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Metabolomic profiling of biofluids, e.g., urine, plasma, has generated vast and ever-increasing amounts of knowledge over the last few decades. Paradoxically, metabolomic analysis of saliva, the most readily-available human biofluid, has lagged. This review explores the history of saliva-based metabolomics and summarizes current knowledge of salivary metabolomics. Current applications of salivary metabolomics have largely focused on diagnostic biomarker discovery and the diagnostic value of the current literature base is explored. There is also a small, albeit promising, literature base concerning the use of salivary metabolomics in monitoring athletic performance. Functional roles of salivary metabolites remain largely unexplored. Areas of emerging knowledge include the role of oral host–microbiome interactions in shaping the salivary metabolite profile and the potential roles of salivary metabolites in oral physiology, e.g., in taste perception. Discussion of future research directions describes the need to begin acquiring a greater knowledge of the function of salivary metabolites, a current research direction in the field of the gut metabolome. The role of saliva as an easily obtainable, information-rich fluid that could complement other gastrointestinal fluids in the exploration of the gut metabolome is emphasized.

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Section: Role Of Host-microbiome Interactions In Modifying Salivary Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Host-microbiome Interactions In Modifying Salivary Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function

2020

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“…Some salivary metabolites have been successfully identified using 1 H NMR (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and inter-subject variability has been studied (16,17), but to date chemometrics has not been applied to saliva metabolite datasets to find potential markers for disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the human salivary metabolome

et al. 2009

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Saliva is a readily accessible biofluid that is important for the overall health, aiding in the chewing, swallowing, and tasting of food as well as the regulation mouth flora. As a first step to determining and understanding the human saliva metabolome, we have measured salivary metabolite concentrations under a variety of conditions in a healthy population with reasonably good oral hygiene. Using (1)H NMR spectroscopy, metabolite concentrations were measured in resting (basal) and stimulated saliva from the same subject and compared in a cohort of healthy male non-smoking subjects (n = 62). Almost all metabolites were higher in the unstimulated saliva when compared to the stimulated saliva. Comparison of the salivary metabolite profile of male smokers and non-smokers (n = 46) revealed citrate, lactate, pyruvate, and sucrose to be higher and formate to be lower in concentration in smokers compared with non-smokers (p < 0.05). Gender differences were also investigated (n = 40), and acetate, formate, glycine, lactate, methanol, propionate, propylene glycol, pyruvate, succinate, and taurine were significantly higher in concentration in male saliva compared to female saliva (p < 0.05). These results show that differences between male and female, stimulated and unstimulated, as well as smoking status may be observed in the salivary metabolome.

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“…This method has been used to explore various physiological fluids in pathological conditions [ 27 – 29 ]. However, there have been only a few reports on 1 H NMR spectroscopy investigations of saliva, almost exclusively for general diseases or physiological studies [ 30 – 35 ]. Indeed reports concerning periodontitis are extremely rare [ 25 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a discriminative metabolomic fingerprint of potential clinical relevance in saliva of patients with periodontitis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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Periodontitis is characterized by the loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth in an inflammatory-infectious context. The diagnosis relies on clinical and X-ray examination. Unfortunately, clinical signs of tissue destruction occur late in the disease progression. Therefore, it is mandatory to identify reliable biomarkers to facilitate a better and earlier management of this disease. To this end, saliva represents a promising fluid for identification of biomarkers as metabolomic fingerprints. The present study used high-resolution 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the metabolic signature of active periodontitis. The metabolome of stimulated saliva of 26 patients with generalized periodontitis (18 chronic and 8 aggressive) was compared to that of 25 healthy controls. Principal Components Analysis (PCA), performed with clinical variables, indicated that the patient population was homogeneous, demonstrating a strong correlation between the clinical and the radiological variables used to assess the loss of periodontal tissues and criteria of active disease. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) analysis showed that patients with periodontitis can be discriminated from controls on the basis of metabolite concentrations in saliva with satisfactory explained variance (R2X = 0.81 and R2Y = 0.61) and predictability (Q2Y = 0.49, CV-AUROC = 0.94). Interestingly, this discrimination was irrespective of the type of generalized periodontitis, i.e. chronic or aggressive. Among the main discriminating metabolites were short chain fatty acids as butyrate, observed in higher concentrations, and lactate, γ-amino-butyrate, methanol, and threonine observed in lower concentrations in periodontitis. The association of lactate, GABA, and butyrate to generate an aggregated variable reached the best positive predictive value for diagnosis of periodontitis. In conclusion, this pilot study showed that 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis of saliva could differentiate patients with periodontitis from controls. Therefore, this simple, robust, non-invasive method, may offer a significant help for early diagnosis and follow-up of periodontitis.

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Preliminary nuclear magnetic resonance studies on human saliva

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function

Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function

Understanding the human salivary metabolome

Identification of a discriminative metabolomic fingerprint of potential clinical relevance in saliva of patients with periodontitis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

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