Preliminary phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe extracts

Abstract

Aims: Plant extracts are a rich source of natural compounds that have some degree of antimicrobial efficacy and have less side effects compared to antibiotics. The aim of this research was to screen the phytochemical compounds and investigate the potency of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe rhizome (CZR) extracts to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of some pathogenic bacteria. Methodology and results: Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of CZR extracts in different solvents were examined by agar well diffusion and the broth microdilution method after phytochemical screening. The 95% ethanolic extract of CZR exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with inhibition zones of 7.25 ± 0.58-12.00 ± 0.26 mm and MIC values ranging from 50-200 mg/mL. The extract also showed rapid bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities towards Enterococcus faecalis DMST 4736 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by time-kill assays. Moreover, the 95% ethanolic extracts of CZR also acted as a potent anti-biofilm agent against

Phytochemical screenings, antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of Garcinia cowa Roxb. leaves extracts and its synergistic effect with antibiotic

“…Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was performed using the agar well diffusion method as described Tinrat (2022) with minor modification 16 . Briefly, 100 μL of fresh culture (approximately 10 8 CFU/mL; OD600= 0.5) were inoculated into 5 mL of BHI agar (0.75% agar).…”

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were assessed by the broth micro-dilution method by described previously (Tinrat, 2022) 16 . Briefly, the tested concentrations of the extract ranging from 1.56 to 1,600 mg/mL were provided in the 96-well microplate by twofold serial dilutions in BHI broth.…”

“…The time taken to give a bactericidal activity after exposure of extracts were assessed using time-kill curves 16 . The bacterial suspension (10 8 CFU/mL) was added into BHI broth containing Garcinia cowa Roxb.…”

“…The effects of G. cowa Roxb. leave extracts on biofilm formation were evaluated as described by Tinrat (2022) with some modifications 16 . Approximately 200 µL of BHI broth containing pathogenic strains (10 8 CFU/ mL; OD600=0.5) were transferred to sterile flat-bottomed 96-well polystyrene microplate.…”

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“…This technique can easily analyze the secondary metabolites of both plant and non-plant species. As a result, the current study's main objective is to assess the various bioactive substances in the aqueous, ethanol, and methanol extracts of C. zedoaria using GC-MS along with the investigation of antibacterial activity for the same [25][26][27][28][29][30] . plant materials after they had been ground into a fine powder Preparation of Plant Extract: The coarse powder of C. zedoaria was extracted using water, ethanol and methanol solvents in a ratio of 1:5 and kept in an orbital shaker for 48 h. The extracts were filtered using Whatman no.1 filter paper and were dried in distillation unit 31 .…”