Preliminary Report on the Isolation of an Apparently New Type of Cl. Botulinum

Møller, Vagn; Scheibel, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1960.tb04741.x

Cited by 88 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Subtypes F1 and F6 contain strains isolated from food associated with human botulism. Strain Langeland was isolated from liver paste, and VPI7943 was isolated from venison jerky (29,30). Remarkably, both subtypes F1 and F6 contain several strains isolated from marine environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence Diversity of Genes Encoding Botulinum Neurotoxin Type F

Raphael

Choudoir

Lúquez

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Botulism due to type F botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/F) is rare (<1% of cases), and only a limited number of clostridial strains producing this toxin type have been isolated. As a result, analysis of the diversity of genes encoding BoNT/F has been challenging. In this study, the entire bont/F nucleotide sequences were determined from 33 type F botulinum toxin-producing clostridial strains isolated from environmental sources and botulism outbreak investigations. We examined proteolytic and nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type F strains, bivalent strains, including Bf and Af, and Clostridium baratii type F strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bont/F genes examined formed 7 subtypes (F1 to F7) and that the nucleotide sequence identities of these subtypes differed by up to 25%. The genes from proteolytic (group I) C. botulinum strains formed subtypes F1 through F5, while the genes from nonproteolytic (group II) C. botulinum strains formed subtype F6. Subtype F7 was composed exclusively of bont/F genes from C. baratii strains. The region of the bont/F5 gene encoding the neurotoxin light chain was found to be highly divergent compared to the other subtypes. Although the bont/F5 nucleotide sequences were found to be identical in strains harboring this gene, the gene located directly upstream (ntnh/F) demonstrated sequence variation among representative strains of this subtype. These results demonstrate that extensive nucleotide diversity exists among genes encoding type F neurotoxins from strains with different phylogenetic backgrounds and from various geographical sources.Botulism is a potentially fatal disease caused solely by the action of serologically distinct neurotoxins

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type F botulism was first described in 1960 following an outbreak occurring in Denmark involving liver paste (30). The organism isolated in this outbreak metabolically resembled proteolytic Clostridium botulinum strains of types A and B.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Diversity of Genes Encoding Botulinum Neurotoxin Type F

Raphael

Choudoir

Lúquez

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Type F botulism was first described in 1960 following an outbreak occurring in Denmark involving liver paste [11].…”

Section: Scientific Advice Background and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster of two cases of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F in France, November 2014

Castor¹,

Mazuet

Saint-Leger³

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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The first two cases in France of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F were identified in November 2014, in the same family. Both cases required prolonged respiratory assistance. One of the cases had extremely high toxin serum levels and remained paralysed for two weeks. Investigations strongly supported the hypothesis of a common exposure during a family meal with high level contamination of the source. However, all analyses of leftover food remained negative.

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“…Some years after the discovery of BoNT/B and A the serotype C was identified in the 1920s (Bengtson 1922;Seddon 1922;Theiler and Robinson 1927). The group of serotypes was extended by D, E, F, and finally G between 1935D, E, F, and finally G between and 1969D, E, F, and finally G between (Gunnison et al 1936Hazen 1937;Møller and Scheibel 1960;Giménez and Cicarelli 1970), (Hill and Smith 2012). The serotypes show between 32 and 65 % identity at the amino acid level.…”

Section: Complexity Of Botulinum Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Complexity of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Challenges for Detection Technology

Dorner

Schulz

Kull

et al. 2012

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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The detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is extremely challenging due to their high toxicity and the multiple BoNT variants. To date, seven serotypes with more than 30 subtypes have been described, and even more subtypes are expected to be discovered. The fact that the BoNT molecules are released as large complexes of different size and composition adds further complexity to the issue. Currently, in the diagnostics of botulism, the mouse bioassay (MBA) is still considered as gold standard for the detection of BoNT in complex sample materials. Over the years, different functional, immunological, and spectrometric assays or combinations thereof have been developed, supplemented by DNA-based assays for the detection of the organism. In this review, advantages and limitations of the current technologies will be discussed, highlighting some of the intricacies of real sample analysis.

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Preliminary Report on the Isolation of an Apparently New Type of Cl. Botulinum

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Sequence Diversity of Genes Encoding Botulinum Neurotoxin Type F

Sequence Diversity of Genes Encoding Botulinum Neurotoxin Type F

Cluster of two cases of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F in France, November 2014

Complexity of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Challenges for Detection Technology

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