Preliminary report: Outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in a hotel in Calp, Spain, update on 22 February 2012

Vanaclocha, Hermelinda; Guiral, S; Morera, Vicente; Calatayud, M A; Castellanos, Miguel Ángel; Moya, Víctor; Jerez, G; González, Francisco

doi:10.2807/ese.17.08.20093-en

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Legionella colonises man-made facilities such as water distribution systems (WDS) and cooling towers located in hospitals, hotels and other public and industry buildings, and all these facilities have been associated with LD [ 2 - 5 ]. Most cases of LD are community-acquired (67%), followed by travel-related (24%) and healthcare-related cases (5%) [ 1 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018

Doménech-Sánchez

Laso²,

Berrocal³

et al. 2022

Eurosurveillance

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Background Legionnaires’ disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most cases of Legionnaires’ disease , both community- and travel-associated. However, the prevalence of Legionella in tourist facilities is unknown. Aim The present investigation aimed to survey the tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands, Spain, for Legionella prevalence. Methods We visited tourist facilities in the Balearic Islands in two different periods (2006–2010 and 2015–2018) and took water samples following national and international guidelines. Legionella was investigated by culture methods following international standards (ISO 11731:1998). Results We evaluated 13,472 samples from 465 facilities. Bacteria of the Legionella genus were detected in 65.4% of the surveyed facilities. Contamination of the facilities was significantly higher during the second decade (54.5 vs 78.6%). The most frequent colonisers were L. pneumophila serogroup 2–14. We detected the pathogen in 15.9% and 6.9% of hot and cold water distribution systems samples, respectively. The Legionella contamination rate in cold water systems samples was higher when free chlorine levels were < 0.2 mg/L and at > 25 °C temperatures, while in the hot water systems samples, the contamination rate was higher at < 50 °C. Of the samples from hot tubs, 10.9% were contaminated. Conclusion Legionella prevalence in hotels in the Balearic Islands was high but the contamination rates depended on the installations. Corrective measures are still needed to improve Legionella control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental surveillance of Legionella in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain, 2006 to 2010 and 2015 to 2018

Doménech-Sánchez

Laso²,

Berrocal³

et al. 2022

Eurosurveillance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Legionella pass from the environment to man-made facilities like water distribution systems (WDS) of buildings, cooling towers, whirlpools spas and industrial equipment located in hospitals, hotels and other public buildings. All these installations have been associated with LD [4][5][6][7]. LD cases are mostly community-acquired (67%), although travel-related (24%) and healthcare-related cases (5%) are also described [2,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%