Preliminary thoughts about the occurence of violence among the Brazilian shellmound builders: analysis of the skeletons from Cabeçuda (Santa Catarina) and Arapuan (Rio de Janeiro) sites.

Lessa, Andrea; Medeiros, João Cabral de

doi:10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2001.109411

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…2200 cal BP. Fishing intensification continued later by ceramic-using groups who were also producing distinctive fishing technologies 58 , 79 , 80 , in a new socio-ecological context of increased territoriality, as suggested by the first evidence of interpersonal violence 29 , 81 , 82 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human osteological records provide evidence for increasing interpersonal violence among ceramic-using populations 29 , 81 , 82 , possibly in a context of competition for resources and increased territoriality 94 , 95 . This may have prompted technological innovation or adoption, represented by the appearance of more sophisticated fishing technologies such as baited hooks manufactured from mammal bones in Babitonga Bay and adjacent coastal areas from ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fishing intensification as response to Late Holocene socio-ecological instability in southeastern South America

Hallingstad

McGrath

Fossile

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The emergence of plant-based economies have dominated evolutionary models of Middle and Late Holocene pre-Columbian societies in South America. Comparatively, the use of aquatic resources and the circumstances for intensifying their exploitation have received little attention. Here we reviewed the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of 390 human individuals from Middle and Late Holocene coastal sambaquis, a long-lasting shell mound culture that flourished for nearly 7000 years along the Atlantic Forest coast of Brazil. Using a newly generated faunal isotopic baseline and Bayesian Isotope Mixing Models we quantified the relative contribution of marine resources to the diet of some of these groups. Through the analysis of more than 400 radiocarbon dates we show that fishing sustained large and resilient populations during most of the Late Holocene. A sharp decline was observed in the frequency of sambaqui sites and radiocarbon dates from ca. 2200 years ago, possibly reflecting the dissolution of several nucleated groups into smaller social units, coinciding with substantial changes in coastal environments. The spread of ceramics from ca. 1200 years ago is marked by innovation and intensification of fishing practices, in a context of increasing social and ecological instability in the Late Holocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing intensification as response to Late Holocene socio-ecological instability in southeastern South America

Hallingstad

McGrath

Fossile

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Auditory exostoses as an aquatic activity marker: A comparison of coastal and inland skeletal remains from tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil

Okumura

Boyadjian

Eggers

2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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Auditory exostoses are bone masses located in the external auditory canal. Currently, most researchers agree that the environment (especially water temperature, but also atmospheric temperature and wind action) plays a pivotal role in the development of this trait. This article discusses whether the presence of auditory exostoses can be used as an aquatic activity marker in bioarchaeological studies, especially in groups that inhabited tropical and subtropical regions. We analyzed 676 skeletons (5,000 years BP to historical times) from 27 coastal and inland native Brazilian groups. Very low frequencies of auditory exostoses were found in the inland groups (0.00-0.03), but the expected high frequency of auditory exostoses in the coastal groups was not always observed (0.00-0.56). These differences might be explained by the combination of water and atmospheric temperatures in conjunction with wind effects. In areas with mild atmospheric temperatures and wind chill factors, the coastal populations analyzed do not show high frequencies of auditory exostoses. However, high frequencies of auditory exostoses develop where cold atmospheric temperatures are further lowered by strong wind chill. Therefore, the association between aquatic activities, low atmospheric temperature, and wind chill is strongly correlated with the presence of auditory exostoses, but where these environmental factors are mild, the frequencies of auditory exostoses are not necessarily high. Concluding, auditory exostoses should be cautiously used as a marker of aquatic activity in bioarchaeological studies in tropical and subtropical regions, since these activities do not always result in the presence of this trait.

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Daily risks: A biocultural approach to acute trauma in pre‐colonial coastal populations from Brazil

Lessa

2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Brazilian coastal pre-colonial skeletal series were examined for accidental fractures, which were grouped according to biomechanical interpretation of the causative events, and results were interpreted based on cultural and environmental aspects. More than 19% of the shell mound builders and 27% of the fisher-huntergatherers presented healed fractures. Both series presented balanced values between male and female (18.7 and 20%, respectively, for shell mound builders; 28.1 and 25.6%, respectively, for fisher-hunter-gatherers), and more than the double that proportion of the individuals (69.6% for shell mound builder and 88.5% for fisher-hunter-gatherers) had localised lesions, associated with only one traumatic event. The most common type of fractures were those caused by falls blocked by lower limbs (47.8% for shell mound builders and 46.1% for fisher-hunter-gatherers), interpreted as a result of moving along the rocky coastal cliffs. Despite these similarities, both series presented particular aspects which were related mainly to differences in subsistence strategies.

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Preliminary thoughts about the occurence of violence among the Brazilian shellmound builders: analysis of the skeletons from Cabeçuda (Santa Catarina) and Arapuan (Rio de Janeiro) sites.

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Fishing intensification as response to Late Holocene socio-ecological instability in southeastern South America

Fishing intensification as response to Late Holocene socio-ecological instability in southeastern South America

Auditory exostoses as an aquatic activity marker: A comparison of coastal and inland skeletal remains from tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil

Daily risks: A biocultural approach to acute trauma in pre‐colonial coastal populations from Brazil

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