Abstract:Background: Exposure to copper, silver, and titanium has been reported to be associated with a variety of adverse effects on humans. However, few studies have focused on the fetus, which is vulnerable to environmental insults. We investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to the three metals and risk for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs).Methods: Placental samples from 408 women with pregnancies affected by NTDs and 593 women with normal pregnancies were collected from 2003 to 2016 in an NTD high-r… Show more
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