Prenatal inflammation exposure-programmed cardiovascular diseases and potential prevention

Abstract

In recent years, the rapid development of medical and pharmacological interventions has led to a steady decline in certain noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as cancer. However, the overall incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has not seemed to decline. CVDs have become even more prevalent in many countries and represent a global health threat and financial burden. An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that maternal insults not only can result in birth defects but also can cause developmental functional defects that contribute to adult NCDs. In the current review, we provide an overview of evidence from both epidemiological investigations and experimental animal studies supporting the concept of developmental reprogramming of adult CVDs in offspring that have experienced prenatal inflammation exposure (PIE) during fetal development (PIE-programmed CVDs), a disease-causing event that has not been effectively controlled. This review describes the epidemiological observations, data from animal models, and related mechanisms for the pathogenesis of PIE-programmed CVDs. In addition, the potential therapeutic interventions of PIE-programmed CVDs are discussed. Finally, we also deliberate the need for future mechanistic studies and biomarker screenings in this important field, which creates a great opportunity to combat the global increase in CVDs by managing the adverse effects of inflammation for prepregnant and pregnant individuals who are at risk for PIE-programmed CVDs.

Paternal long-term PM2.5 exposure causes hypertension via increased renal AT1R expression and function in male offspring

“…It is well established that the maternal nutrition and lifestyle during the periconceptional period impact offspring's long-term health [25,26]. However, in recent years, studies have focused on exploring the influence that paternal exposures, including nutrition, lifestyle, drug and environment can have on the development of their offspring [27,28].…”

Sensitization of Hypertension: The Impact of Earlier Life Challenges: Excellence Award for Hypertension Research 2021

“…Recent reviews highlight a role of numerous factors in the pathogenesis of the prenatal developmental programming of hypertension including reduced nephron number, endothelial dysfunction, activation of the SNS and the RAAS, and epigenetic mechanisms. 55,56,59,60 We will also discuss the mechanisms underlying the sensitization of hypertension in our animal models, especially as they relate to the CNS.…”

“…Many animal experiments have demonstrated the beneficial effects of anti-RAAS or anti-inflammatory agents administered in mothers on improving fetal programming outcomes. 60,69–73,86,89–91…”

An introduction to contaminants in agriculture and environment

“…The effects of harmful toxicants on living cells may be brought either by alteration in the cellular enzyme activities or by chemical and physical modifications in the cell structure (Brunk et al, 2018). These changes might be responsible for the serious health problems like cancer, kidney diseases, weak immunity, bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases, embryonic disorders, hormonal disturbances, organ failure, skin problems and much more (Deng et al, 2018). This book chapter emphasized an introduction to the contaminants in agriculture and environment and their possible consequences related to interacting biotic communities.…”