Preoperative preparation in children: A cross-sectional study

Kain, Zeev N.; Mayes, Linda C.; Caramico, Lisa A.

doi:10.1016/0952-8180(96)00115-8

Cited by 146 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…24 Conversely, information provided immediately before the medical procedure might not allow children sufficient time to process and handle the information, which can heighten stress. 25 It is also important to note that these findings are tied to the particular procedure. For example, same-day preparation might heighten distress for major procedures such as surgery 25 but benefit children undergoing minor procedures such as ear piercing.…”

Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 It is also important to note that these findings are tied to the particular procedure. For example, same-day preparation might heighten distress for major procedures such as surgery 25 but benefit children undergoing minor procedures such as ear piercing. 19 Thus, if venous access is part of a major medical procedure (eg, surgery), preparation a few days in advance might be ideal, whereas if it is for a minor procedure (eg, blood draw), same-day information provision should be adequate.…”

Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

2008

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Pediatric venous access causes unnecessary anxiety and pain in children and, in turn, can have detrimental consequences. Behavioral approaches to pediatric venous access distress management can be organized temporally. Specifically, preparation before the procedure includes providing children with sensory and procedural information in an age-appropriate manner and providing training in coping skills. It is important to consider the timing, format, and content of the approach to provide optimal preparation for the unique circumstances of the individual patient. In addition to the child patient, preparing parents and teaching them which specific behaviors might be most helpful to their child should prove valuable to both patient and parents. During the procedure, there are benefits to providing secure and comfortable positioning. In addition, researchers recommend that adults encourage children to cope and actively engage children in distracting activities. For infants, there is support for the distress-mitigation properties of swaddling, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and sucrose. After venous access, distraction and encouragement of coping should speed recovery. In sum, research in behavioral approaches to pediatric pain management has provided recommendations for minimizing children's anxiety and pain associated with venous access. Pediatrics 2008;122:S134-S139 P EDIATRIC PAIN FROM medical procedures results in short-term suffering, but there are recent data to indicate that there are also long-term detrimental effects. Specifically, early painful insults might have lasting negative effects on neuronal development, pain threshold and sensitivity, coping strategies, emotionality, and pain perceptions. 1,2 As an example, Bijttebier and Vertommen 3 showed that children with a history of negative medical experiences showed high anxiety before venipuncture and were distressed and uncooperative during the procedure. Childhood medical pain has also been linked to later adulthood fear, pain, and avoidance of medical care. 4 In addition, high pain at medical visits predicts missed future medical appointments and poor health care follow-up. [5][6][7] Fortunately, there is a rich body of data supporting behavioral strategies that mitigate the anxiety and pain associated with pediatric medical procedures generally, 8 and children's needle-related pain in particular. 9 Nonpharmacologic or behavioral approaches to acute pediatric pain are rooted in the gate-control theory. 10,11 The theory suggests that descending nerve impulses from the brain, such as thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and attention, can influence the ascending pain signal from the tissue damage. For example, anxiety might heighten pain experience, whereas attention focused on a pleasant activity might decrease pain. Thus, behavioral interventions typically involve teaching coping, inducing relaxation, or providing distraction. Although literature documenting the efficacy of behavioral interventions for children's acute medical pain exists, the data...

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Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

2008

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“…These factors include the child's temperament (Kain, et al, 2000), age (Bevan, et al, 1990;Kain, Mayes, O'Connor, et al, 1996), and previous hospitalization (Kain, Mayes, & Caramico, 1996;Watson & Visram, 2003). Regarding child's temperament, some studies have shown that shyness, high emotionality, low sociability, and low activity are usually positively associated with worry and nervousness (Laredo, et al, 2007;Masi, et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of clown intervention on worries and emotional responses in children undergoing surgery

2010

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This study investigated whether clown intervention could reduce preoperative worries and the affective responses of children undergoing minor surgery. Parental anxiety was also tested.Child's age, previous hospitalization, and temperament were tested as predictors of the child's responses during this preoperative phase. Seventy children were assigned to one of two groups: children accompanied by their parents and a pair of clowns or, those accompanied by the parents but without the clowns. The results emphasized the relevance of clown intervention on the reduction of preoperative worries and emotional responses, not only in children but also in their parents.

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“…have shown in their study that patient approach and information given before the intervention are effective in reducing anxiety [22]. In a study by Kain et al, it has been shown in children over the age of six that therapeutic games performed 5-7 days prior to surgery and surgery preparation programs involving behavioral methods like the introduction of the hospital and the operating room are effective in reducing anxiety levels in children [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Flexible Bronchoscopy on Anxiety in Children

Türkeli

Yılmaz

Topçu

et al. 2016

Turk Toraks Dergisi

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OBJECTIVES: Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a semi-invasive diagnostic tool that allows direct visualization of the airways. The use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in children is incrasing with the developments in modern anesthesia. Irrespective of the type of the invasive diagnostic procedure, these interventions are known to cause anxiety in patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anxiety and depression status in children hospitalized for bronchoscopy and to investigate the effects of FB. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Thirty children hospitalized for FB and 30 controls, aged 7 to16 years, were enrolled in this study. Anxiety was evaluated with the "Hospital anxiety and depression scale" (HADS)" besides other parameters recorded. RESULTS:The mean HADS anxiety scores in the patient and control groups were respectively 10.1 (3.5) and 2.7 (1.3) (p= 0.001). The mean HADS depression scores were respectively 8.8 (3.7) and 2.2 (1.1) (p= 0.001). Among the patients, 50% had anxiety and 53.3% had findings while none in the control group showed signs of anxiety and depression. A positive correlation was found between the age and, anxiety and depression scores in patients' groups (respectively r 1 = 0.257; p= 0.05 and r 2 = 0.288; p= 0.02). CONCLUSION:Anxiety was demonstrated in nearly half of the children hospitalized for bronchoscopy. It has been observed that behavioral and physical problems may be encountered in approximately 40-60% of children who feel generalized anxiety before anesthesia, during the preoperative, postoperative period, and subsequent periods. These results suggest that the detection of children with increased anxiety and indicate the individual requirements can be assisted pharmacological and psychological supports.

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Preoperative preparation in children: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 146 publications

References 19 publications

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

Behavioral Approaches to Anxiety and Pain Management for Pediatric Venous Access

The effects of clown intervention on worries and emotional responses in children undergoing surgery

The Effect of Flexible Bronchoscopy on Anxiety in Children

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