Preparation and Characterization for Antibacterial Activities of 3D Printing Polyetheretherketone Disks Coated with Various Ratios of Ampicillin and Vancomycin Salts

Abstract

In this study, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials coated with various ratios of two kinds of antibiotic agents (ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts) were prepared. A modified 3D printer based on fused deposition modeling was employed to prepare PEEK disks. Coating ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts onto the PEEK disks was carried out using the biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer as a binder and a control unit for the drug release in the buffer solution. The effects of various rations of ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts in the PLGA polymer on the PEEK substrates, the release profiles of various drugs, and antibacterial activities of the samples were investigated. Temperature of the heated nozzle in a commerical 3D printer was set at 340 °C. After systemic investigations of the qualities of PEEK disks, a diameter of the heated nozzle of 0.6 mm in the 3D printer was employed for the preparation of PEEK disks. Results of drug release profiles from samples into buffer solution show that the antibacterial activities of samples can continue up to 28 days. In the inhibition zone test of samples, the release amounts of antibiotic agents from the PEEK samples can inhibit S. aureus with activity of over 40% in 30 days tests and most of them can have inhibition activities of higher than 60% during the test. These results showed that a simple and low-cost 3D printing method for the preparation of PEEK/antibiotic agents/PLGA samples can have further applications in biomedical-related technology.

Structure, properties, and bioactivity of 3D printed PAEKs for implant applications: A systematic review

“…Among all in vivo and in vitro studies 15 studies incorporated materials into PEEK/PEKK (62.5%, n = 15/24), whereas 10 of them studied pure PEEK/PEKK (41.7%, n = 10/24). There are two in vitro studies in which an antibacterial drug was incorporated into the PEEK (10.5%, n = 2/19), 33,48 and one in vivo study in which rabbit ADSCs were seeded prior to implantation (11.1%, n = 1/9) 56 . All in vitro studies investigated bioactivity via several methods such as cell proliferation, adhesion, viability, differentiation, and morphology except one study conducting only antibacterial activity 33 .…”

“…There are two in vitro studies in which an antibacterial drug was incorporated into the PEEK (10.5%, n = 2/19), 33,48 and one in vivo study in which rabbit ADSCs were seeded prior to implantation (11.1%, n = 1/9) 56 . All in vitro studies investigated bioactivity via several methods such as cell proliferation, adhesion, viability, differentiation, and morphology except one study conducting only antibacterial activity 33 . In total, four studies conducted additional antibacterial activity assessments (21.1%, n = 4/19).…”

“…Additionally, infection prevention was investigated conceptually by a spinal clip design 30,31 and antibacterial drug release via biodegradable polymer coating on PAEK for implants, 33 however these studies do not include in vivo studies and in vitro bioactivity studies. Lau et al 33 coated FFF PEEK disks with ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts using biodegradable polylactic‐co‐glycolicacid (PLGA) and then investigated the antibacterial activities of samples.…”

Enhanced Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-laden Recycled Fish Gelatin/Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate 3D Scaffolds

“…In order to promote bone healing, the material must be biocompatible, biodegradable and able to promote bone regeneration which mimics the distinctive property of natural bone [6]. With the emergence of newer 3D printing techniques, we are now able to fabricate scaffolds with customized shape, pore sizes and architectures that are similar to native bone [7,8].For many years, bioceramics has emerged as promising biomaterial for bone regeneration [9,10]. Calcium phosphate is one of the most popular bioceramics which had been repeatedly shown to provide good osteoconduction activities [9,10].…”

“…In order to promote bone healing, the material must be biocompatible, biodegradable and able to promote bone regeneration which mimics the distinctive property of natural bone [6]. With the emergence of newer 3D printing techniques, we are now able to fabricate scaffolds with customized shape, pore sizes and architectures that are similar to native bone [7,8].…”