Preparation and Characterization of Ozonated Liposomes Loaded with Curcumin: A Potential Approach for Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment

Abstract

Background: Limitations in drug penetration are overcome by nanotechnology, particularly liposomes, which enhance targeted administration of ocular medications. Liposomes can augment the therapeutic effects of curcumin, a natural compound with positive impacts on the retina. Treatments for eye diseases can also benefit from the antibacterial properties of ozonated oil liposomes. Objectives: This study aims to develop and evaluate ozonated liposomes loaded with curcumin for ocular drug delivery applications, specifically targeting diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Liposomal nanoparticles were prepared using thin-film hydration, incorporating phospholipids, lecithin, cholesterol, ozonated oil, and curcumin. We assessed physicochemical properties including particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and morphology. Drug release profiles and stability studies were also conducted. Results: The optimized liposomes showed a particle size of 84.77 nm, a zeta potential of -16.8 mV, and an EE of 94.73%. The formulation exhibited sustained curcumin release over 24 hours, reaching 82.09% cumulative release. Stability studies indicated minimal changes in key parameters over three months at room temperature. Conclusions: The developed ozonated liposomal formulation demonstrates promising characteristics for curcumin delivery, potentially enhancing its therapeutic efficacy in ocular applications, particularly for DR.