Preparation and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Allium cepa-Phospholipid Complex (Phytosome) in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Habbu, Prasanna; Madagundi, Smita; Shastry, R. A.; Vanakudri, Rashmi; Kulkarni, Vaishali

doi:10.5530/rjps.2015.4.3

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Phytosome technology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries, because phytosomes, compared with conventional plant formulations and other nano-delivery systems, have significant advantages: The phytochemical complexed in the phytosome is better protected from oxidation and degradation, improving its stability and increasing its long-term effects in pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions [ 97 ]; Compared with other nano-delivery systems, phytosomes have a simpler production method [ 98 ]; The process of phytosome formation ensures efficient and meaningful drug/nutraceutical entrapment [ 99 ]; Cellular uptake of the phytoactive constituents is enhanced and consequently, the required dose is reduced [ 100 , 101 ]; Phosphatidylcholine acts both as a hepatoprotective agent, providing a synergistic effect, especially with hepatoprotective constituents found in the phytosomal complex, and as a supplement, with beneficial nutritional effects [ 102 ]; Compared with liposomes, they are much smaller, and have different hydrogen bonds; the phytochemicals present in the phytosome are not dissolved in solvents or enveloped by the liposomal membrane, but are bound through chemical bonds with the polar head of phospholipids [ 103 ]; Pharmacokinetic-type studies and pharmacodynamic tests conducted in experimental animals and human subjects have shown improved oral and percutaneous absorption of polar phytoactive compounds, increased bioavailability of the bioactive compound compared with non-complexed botanical derivatives, and enhanced therapeutic effects [ 104 ]. The main disadvantages associated with phytosomes are: The pH sensitivity of phospholipids, due to their Zeta potential values, which must be considered when preparing phytosome formulations [ 105 ]; Phytosome formation technology produces the rapid removal of phytoconstituents from the phytosome [ 106 ].…”

Section: Phytochemicals and Phytosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Nesci

Spagnoletta

Oppedisano

2023

IJMS

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Human diseases are characterized by the perpetuation of an inflammatory condition in which the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are quite high. Excessive ROS production leads to DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, conditions that lead to a worsening of inflammatory disorders. In particular, compromised mitochondria sustain a stressful condition in the cell, such that mitochondrial dysfunctions become pathogenic, causing human disorders related to inflammatory reactions. Indeed, the triggered inflammation loses its beneficial properties and turns harmful if dysregulation and dysfunctions are not addressed. Thus, reducing oxidative stress with ROS scavenger compounds has proven to be a successful approach to reducing inflammation. Among these, natural compounds, in particular, polyphenols, alkaloids and coenzyme Q10, thanks to their antioxidant properties, are capable of inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the expression of target genes, including those involved in inflammation. Even more, clinical trials, and in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of phytosomes, which are capable of increasing the bioavailability and effectiveness of natural compounds, and have long been considered an effective non-pharmacological therapy. Therefore, in this review, we wanted to highlight the relationship between inflammation, altered mitochondrial oxidative activity in pathological conditions, and the beneficial effects of phytosomes. To this end, a PubMed literature search was conducted with a focus on various in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2014 to 2022.

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Section: Phytochemicals and Phytosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of phytosome formation ensures efficient and meaningful drug/nutraceutical entrapment [ 99 ];…”

Section: Phytochemicals and Phytosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Nesci

Spagnoletta

Oppedisano

2023

IJMS

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“…NT Inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase [33]. Antihyperglycemic [140], hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects [133,141]. Inhbited clinical hypoglycemic activity in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients [142]; Quercetin increased insulin levels and reduced blood sugar levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [141,143].…”

Section: Acalypha Wilkesianamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Content and Antidiabetic Properties of Most Commonly Used Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Kenya

Muema,

Nanjala,

Oulo

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Traditional medicinal plants have been used for decades in folk medicines in the treatment and management of several ailments and diseases including diabetes, pain, ulcers, cancers, and wounds, among others. This study focused on the phytochemical and antidiabetic activity of the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal species in Kenya. Phytochemical profiling of these species revealed flavonoids and terpenoids as the major chemical classes reported which have been linked with strong biological activities against the aforementioned diseases, among others. However, out of the selected twenty-two species, many of the natural product isolation studies have focused on only a few species, as highlighted in the study. All of the examined crude extracts from thirteen antidiabetic species demonstrated strong antidiabetic activities by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase among other mechanisms, while nine are yet to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Isolated compounds S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide, quercetin, alliuocide G, 2-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3 (2H)-benzofuranone, Luteolin-7-O-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin, 1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one and [1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one]-4′-O-D-gluco-pyranoside from Allium cepa have been found to exhibit significant antidiabetic activities. With the huge number of adults living with diabetes in Kenya and the available treatment methods being expensive yet not so effective, this study highlights alternative remedies by documenting the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal plants. Further, the study supports the antidiabetic use of these plants with the existing pharmacological profiles and highlights research study gaps. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct natural products isolation work on the selected antidiabetic species commonly used in Kenya and evaluate their antidiabetic activities, both in vitro and in vivo, to validate their antidiabetic use and come up with new antidiabetic drugs.

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“…Then, formed precipitates are filtered, collected and then kept in desiccators overnight (Anjana et al, 2017). Allium cepa phospholipid complexes (Habbu et al, 2015), Scorpion venom-standardized quercetin loaded phytosomal complexes (Alhakamy et al, 2022), icariin phytosomes (Alhakamy et al, 2020) were fabricated by anti-solvent precipitation.…”

Section: Anti-solvent Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosome as a Novel Carrier for Delivery of Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review

Mehmood

2023

MEJAST

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Phytomedicine is known for its excellent therapeutic applications owing to phytoconstituents present in plants, with no or least side effects. But its low bioavailability due large molecular size, poor lipid solubility and lack of stability of bioactive compounds make hindrance in its efficacy. Different strategies have been developed to generate the effective carrier systems to enhance bioavailability of phytochemica ls. One of the latest and most popular lipid-based carriers for delivering plants based pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals is the phytosome. Phytosome is an emerging lipid based drug delivery approach which involves encapsulation of bioactive ingredient into phospholipid molecule mainly phosphatidylcholine. Phytosomes as phyto-phospholipid complexes lead to target drug delivery, better bioavailability and stability, enhanced pharmacological efficacy as well as the protection of bioactive compounds from chemical and physical degradation. Due to easy preparation of the bilayer vesicles and their effectiveness, phytosomes have been extensively employed and approved by the scientific literature. In this review, a phytosome technology, its structural components, formulation techniques, optimization, characterization approaches as well as merits and demerits are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, phytosome based market products and recent research is presented. It is concluded that phytosome technology is a gift for herbal extracts and phytochemicals that are inadequately bioavailable and have well-established processing methodologies as well as verified analytical techniques.

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Preparation and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Allium cepa-Phospholipid Complex (Phytosome) in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Phytochemical Content and Antidiabetic Properties of Most Commonly Used Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Kenya

Phytosome as a Novel Carrier for Delivery of Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review

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