Preparation and Thermal Performance of Fullerene-Based Lead Salt

Abstract

C60 is widely investigated because of its unique structure. But its applications in solid propellant seem to be relatively neglected. C60 has more outstanding features than carbon black which is widely used as a catalyst ingredient of solid propellant. To combine the advantages of fullerene and lead salts, another good composite in propellant catalysts, we synthesized a kind of fullerene phenylalanine lead salt (FPL) and explored its thermal performances by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results show it undergoes four exothermic processes started from 408 K. Combined TGA and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the decomposition mechanism of FPL was derived by TG-IR and comparing IR spectra of FPL and its residues after burned to 327°C, 376°C and 424°C, respectively. Effect of FPL on the decomposition characteristic of hexogen (RDX), a type of explosive in propellant, has been investigated using DTA at different heating rate, which shows the decomposition temperatures of the explosive are all reduced by more than 20 K. The corresponding activation energy (Ea) is decreased by 30 kJ·mol −1. So FPL has potential application as a combustion catalyst in solid propellant.

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

“…114 It was further found that FHN can also accelerate the decomposition of RDX and HMX. The peak temperatures of the exothermal decomposition of these nitramines were reduced 117 and the corresponding E a of RDX was decreased by 17 kJ mol −1 , while that of HMX was reduced by more than 20 kJ mol −1 . In addition to stabilizing common explosives, CNTs also have a significant influence on the stability of energetic binders.…”

“…34, at least two steps are involved in the decomposition of these fullerene derivatives, which started between 100 and 150°C. In particular, FPL undergoes a fourstep exothermic process starting at 135°C, 117 which can reduce the decomposition T p of RDX by more than 20°C and decrease E a by 30 kJ mol −1 . FHN undergoes at least four decomposition steps, under a N 2 atmosphere, starting at around 150°C, while FEN decomposes in only two steps, as described above.…”

“…Fullerene hydrazine (FH) was first prepared in 84% yield from fullerene and hydrazine hydrate, and then the obtained FH was reacted with concentrated nitric acid to form the FHN salt (Scheme 9). 119 Elemental and other chemical analyses of FH showed a composition of C, 69.38%, N, 26.86% and H, 3.76%, strongly indicating that the formula of FH, obtained under these reaction conditions, is C 60 (NHNH 2 ) 10 H 10 . The corresponding formula of the FHN salt was found to be C 60 (NHNH 2 ) 10 H 10 ·4HNO 3 , with an oxygen content of 14.9%.…”

“…Analogously to Cp-12, Cp-14 can be prepared using the same strategy, where the Pb cation comes from Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (Scheme 8). 117,118 FPL was found to have a significant catalytic effect on the decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and it may be used as an efficient combustion catalyst in solid propellants. On the basis of the above-mentioned synthetic method, a new potential energetic combustion catalyst, fullerene hydrazine nitrate (FHN, Cp-15) was designed and prepared in a two-step process.…”

The Catalytic Effect of CuO-Doped Activated Carbon on Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of AN/Mg/NC Composite

“…10,11 It was mentioned that the promotion of the thermal decomposition process by the nanosized CuO and NiO shows a strong effect on decreasing the decomposition temperatures of nitramine or AP as oxidizers. 12 The carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT), 13 graphene sheets (GS, GO, and rGO), 14−18 and fullerenes 19,20 are novel materials that can be used to improve thermal conductivity, heat release, and reactivity of various energetic materials (EMs). They help to achieve the desired performances, but certainly, they are usually not so cost-effective due to complicated technology for production.…”