Preparation, characteristics, and soil-biodegradable analysis of corn starch/nanofibrillated cellulose (CS/NFC) and corn starch/nanofibrillated lignocellulose (CS/NFLC) films

Starch-based edible packaging: rheological, thermal, mechanical, microstructural, and barrier properties – a review

“…The incorporation of phenolic compounds can significantly affect the surface morphology of starch-based edible films. Chen and his group 61 reported that the addition of phenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid (PA), naringin acid (NA), and tannic acid (TA) in the maize starch/carboxymethylcellulose/konjac glucomannan blend film (MS/CMC/KG) increased the surface roughness. A separate study found that adding broccoli leaf polyphenols (BLPs) to a tapioca starch/pectin (TSP)-based film yielded a higher density structure than that of the control TSP edible film.…”

“…62 The addition of phenolic compounds, including protocatechuic acid, naringin acid, and tannic acid, did not influence the diffraction peak position, suggesting that homogeneous dispersion of phenolic compounds occurred in the film. 61…”

“…The conversion of corn starch from A-type to B-type occurred due to the plasticization and gelatinization of starch. 61…”

“…49 Similarly, the incorporation of NFC and NFLC into the corn starch-based film reduced the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) significantly by improving the barrier properties of the film against water vapor. 61 Furthermore, the addition of quinoa cellulose nanocrystals (QCNCs) to the high amylose corn starch (HACS)-based film demonstrated an improvement in water barrier properties by lowering WVP values as compared to that of the control HACS film. 70…”

Development and evaluation of biodegradable starch-based films containing cellulose nanocrystals/titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an alternative for food packaging

“…However, most polymers are obtained from nonrenewability sources, causing serious environmental problems mainly due to the accumulation of these plastic wastes in the environment. [1][2][3][4] It is estimated that up to 53 million tons of plastic may enter aquatic ecosystems per year by 2030, considering mitigation actions and targets set by governments. 5 The entry of this material in both marine and freshwater systems, as well as in terrestrial systems, causes a series of environmental risks, either because of accumulation in the environment or the formation of microplastics.…”