“…the current study made an attempt to evaluation the antibacterial properties of composite resins containing zinc oxide nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas areuginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella.spp (some species of gram positive and gram negative bacteria) , which have a significant role in recurrentcaries . Zinc oxide is a safe bactericidal metallic oxide (inorganic agent) because it isnon-toxic to animal cells in low concentrations but is very toxic to bacteria, killing them, although, the metals and metallic oxides as zinc oxide, are considered toxic to human cells at highconcentrations, they do not seem to be toxic at very low concentrations on human cells [32,[39][40][41]. In present study that was conducted on (50) caries samples , 26 isolates of bacteria from all caries specimens showed positive results due to bacterial culturing of these samples which are positive for male and female patients respectively as seen in Table 2, anyhow, our results were consistent with workers [42] observation .…”