Preparation, characterization and application of silica‐supported palladium complex as a new and heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions

Abstract

An efficient heterogeneous Pd catalytic system has been developed, based on immobilization of Pd nanoparticles (PNPs) on a silica-bonded propylamine-cyanuric-cysteine (SiO 2 -pA-Cyan-Cys) substrate. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR, N 2 adsorption analysis (BET), TGA and inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy, and catalytic activity of this catalyst was investigated in the Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The catalysts showed excellent performance in these two reactions, including various aryl halide derivatives (except aryl chloride derivatives) with phenylboronic acid and phenylacetylene under green conditions. Moreover, the catalyst was recycled for several runs without any significant loss of catalytic activity.

Palladium immobilized on amidoxime‐functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: a highly stable and efficient magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for sonogashira coupling reaction

“…The spectrum of the MNPs alone shows a stretching vibration at 3381 cm −1 which incorporates the contributions from both symmetric and asymmetric modes of the OH bonds which are attached to the surface of iron atoms . The bands at low wavenumbers (≤700 cm −1 ) arise from vibrations of FeO bonds of iron oxide, which for the bulk Fe 3 O 4 samples appear at 570 and 375 cm −1 but for Fe 3 O 4 NPs at 624 and 572 cm −1 , a blue shift due to the size reduction . The presence of an adsorbed water layer is confirmed by a stretching vibrational mode of water at 1622 cm −1 .…”

Palladium supported on silica–chitosan hybrid material (Pd‐CS@SiO2) for Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling reactions

“…A variety of solid matrices including functional organic polymers, silicas, zeolites, carbonaceous materials, dendrimers and nanoparticles have been used as palladium catalyst immobilizers . But the synthesis of these material requires tedious preparation procedures .…”

Functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by the baclofen drug to immobilize palladium nanoparticles and catalyze Sonogashira coupling reactions

“…The catalyst demonstrated high catalytic efficiency for cross-coupling of aryl bromides and iodides, in addition to presenting high structural stability and recyclability without any significant loss of activity. [15] CoFe 2 O 4 /Pd K 3 PO 4 , DMF, 80°C, 6 hr 13 [16] NS-MCM-41-Pd Et 3 N, NMP, 90°C, 72 hr 40 [17]…”