Preparation, characterization, and biological properties of β-glucans

Rahar, Sandeep; Swami, Gaurav; Nagpal, Navneet; Nagpal, Manisha; Singh, Gagan Shah

doi:10.4103/2231-4040.82953

Cited by 174 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In our experimental groups, we found high exposure, particularly to passive smoking, where the extremely high percentage reflects social and economic conditions of families. Taking the subjects out of the contaminated environment, even for a limited time period, resulted in significant improvements in both clinical and laboratory parameters (Groneberg-Kloft et al, 2006;Rahar et al, 2011;. So far, Renzetti observations of clinical changes in individuals taken out of exposure remains isolated, but compared to our study, used much smaller groups (Renzetti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Placebo-Driven Clinical Trials of Transfer Point Glucan #300 in Children With Chronic Respiratory Problems: Iii. Clinical Findings

Větvička

Richter²,

Svozil³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Immunology

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The role of glucan in stimulation of immune reactions has been studied for decades. In this report we focused on the effects of orally administered glucan in children with chronic respiratory problems. We measured the physical endurance using a 6MWT test and the levels of eNO in 50 children aged 8-12 years and evaluated the effects of 100 mg/d oral dose of glucan. We found significant improvements in physical indurance and exhaled nitric oxide in glucan-treated children. In addition, strong improvements in general conditions were found. Short-term oral application of natural immunomodulator β-glucan enhancers the overall health and regulation of energetic metabolism in children with chronic respiratory problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Placebo-Driven Clinical Trials of Transfer Point Glucan #300 in Children With Chronic Respiratory Problems: Iii. Clinical Findings

Větvička

Richter²,

Svozil³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Immunology

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“…In this study, biofilm inhibition was characterized based on calcofluor staining and the metabolic activity of the cells. Calcofluor staining indicates the presence of biofilm matrix based on staining of glucans that have beta-glycosidic bonds (25). The results of calcofluor staining were assessed based on wide-field fluorescence microscopy.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm Effect of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol- co -Ethylene) Halamine Film against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7

Cossu

Sun

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacterial biofilm formation is linked to several infections and foodborne disease outbreaks. To address this challenge, there is an unmet need to develop rechargeable antimicrobial materials that can provide continuous sanitation of contact surfaces, especially in the food industry. This study was aimed at evaluating a novel rechargeable antimicrobial polymer formed using poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) with halamine functionality to prevent biofilm formation with repeated exposure to high loads of bacteria and organic content and also to aid in inactivation of preformed biofilms upon contact with this novel material. The antibiofilm activity of this rechargeable antimicrobial material was evaluated using a combination of fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy techniques and biofilm metabolic activity analyses. The results determined on the basis of imaging and metabolic activity measurements demonstrated that halamine-functionalized polymer films significantly reduced Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formation. This novel polymeric material maintained its antibiofilm activity with repeated cycles of extended exposure to high levels of bacterial load. These polymeric films were recharged using bleach and cleaned using mechanical sonication after each cycle of extended incubation with bacteria. Halamine-functionalized polymeric material also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against preformed biofilms on a model surface. In summary, our results demonstrate the potential of this antimicrobial material to provide continuous sanitation of surfaces and applications for inactivating preformed biofilms without extensive use of resources, including water and heat. This polymeric material may be used as a replacement for existing polymeric materials or as a coating on diverse materials. IMPORTANCE Conventional sanitizers can have limited efficacy in inactivating biofilms in areas with limited accessibility and buildup of organic biomass. Furthermore, none of the current approaches provide continuous sanitation of surfaces. There is a significant unmet need to develop and validate materials that can prevent biofilm formation as well as inactivate preformed biofilms. In this study, the efficacy of a copolymer film containing N-halamine against biofilms of L. innocua and E. coli O157:H7 was evaluated. The polymer film showed strong inhibitory activity against pregrown biofilm or prevented the growth of a new biofilm. The polymer film also maintained its antibiofilm activity after multiple cycles of exposure to high titers of bacterial load with recharging of the polymer film using bleach at intermediate steps between the cycles. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of a novel antimicrobial material to inhibit and treat biofilms in food industry applications.KEYWORDS antimicrobial polymers, biofilm, Escherichia coli O157:H7, halamines, Listeria innocua, sanitation

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“…Primární zdroje betaglukanů pro imunomodulační studie i pro léčebné aplikace jsou víceméně tradiční, jen částečně dané jejich větší dostupností. V Evropě a USA jsou to zymozan z kvasnic využívaných v pekařství a pivovarnictví, ve Francii glukany z mořských řas, v Kanadě a Brazílii glukany z obilovin, v Japonsku, Číně a Rusku jsou to nejrůzněj-ší druhy hub (šiitake, maitake, reiši) (18,23).…”

Section: Zdroje Betaglukanůunclassified

Immunomodulatory Effects of Beta-glucans

Bencko¹,

Šíma²,

Turek³

2016

Hygiena

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SOUHRNBetaglukany jsou strukturální komponenty buněčných stěn bakterií, sinic, řas, kvasinek a hub, a dokonce se v hojné míře nacházejí i v obilných zrnech. Primární zdroje betaglukanů pro imunomodulační studie i pro léčebné aplikace jsou víceméně tradič-ní, jen částečně dané jejich větší dostupností. V Evropě a USA jsou to zymozan z kvasnic využívaných v pekařství a pivovarnictví, ve Francii glukany z mořských řas, v Kanadě a Brazílii glukany z obilovin, v Japonsku, Číně a Rusku jsou to nejrůznější druhy hub (šiitake, maitake, reiši). Několik klinických studií naznačilo možnost využití betaglukanů v prevenci infekčních komplikací u vysoce rizikových chirurgických zákroků.Moderní historie užívání polysacharidů jako imunomodulátorů začala aplikací Shearova polysacharidu na začátku 40. let minulého století. Zájem na čas opadl a objevil se znovu až o dvacet let později v souvislosti s průkazem příznivého účinku hrubého extraktu buněčných stěn kvasinek Saccharomyces cerevisiae na aktivaci komplementového systému. Výzkum biomodulačních vlastností betaglukanů se nejdříve zaměřil na oblast infekční imunity a později na imunitu protinádorovou. Po úspěšném průkazu jejich pozitivního vlivu na tuto složku imunity byly už v polovině osmdesátých let minulého století v Japonsku povoleny dva typy betaglukanů, lentinan a schizofylan, pro podpůrnou léčbu některých typů zhoubných novotvarů. Zároveň se nebývale zvýšil celosvětově zájem v oblasti biomedicínského výzkumu o problematiku dalších možností použití betaglukanů pro prevenci a podpůrnou léčbu řady infekčních i chronických nesdělných chorob.Klíčová slova: betaglukany, imunomodulace, imunita SUMMARYBeta-glucans are structural components of the cell walls of bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, yeasts and fungi, and even in abundance are also found in cereal grains. The primary source of beta glucans for immunomodulatory studies and for therapeutic applications are more or less traditional, given partly by their greater availability. In Europe and the US are zymosan of yeast used in baking and brewing, France glucans from seaweed, in Canada and Brazil glucans from cereals, Japan, China and Russia are all kinds of mushrooms (shiitake, maitake, reishi). Several clinical studies have indicated the possibility of using beta glucans in the preventin of infectious complications in high risk surgery.The modern history of the use of polysaccharides as immunomodulators began at the beginning of the 40s of the last century by the application of Shears´ polysaccharide. Interest waned for a while and appeared again until about twenty years later, in connection with a beneficial effect of the crude extract of yeast cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the activation of the complement system. Research on the biomodulation properties of beta glucans was initially focused on infectious immunity and on anti-tumor immunity later on. After successfully demonstrating their positive impact on this component of immunity, already in the mid-eighties in Japan were two types of beta glucans, lentina...

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Preparation, characterization, and biological properties of β-glucans

Cited by 174 publications

References 52 publications

Placebo-Driven Clinical Trials of Transfer Point Glucan #300 in Children With Chronic Respiratory Problems: Iii. Clinical Findings

Placebo-Driven Clinical Trials of Transfer Point Glucan #300 in Children With Chronic Respiratory Problems: Iii. Clinical Findings

Antibiofilm Effect of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol- co -Ethylene) Halamine Film against Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli O157:H7

Immunomodulatory Effects of Beta-glucans

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