Preparation of a solid-state ion-selective electrode based on polypyrrole conducting polymer for magnesium ion

Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis

“…Recently, polymer modified electrodes gained great interest due to their good stability, reproducibility, more active sites, homogeneity in electrochemical deposition [ 138 ], and improved response characteristics [ 156 ]. One of the most used technique for covering the electrode surfaces with polymeric films is electropolymerization; it can be realized by cyclic voltammetry [ 34 , 59 , 66 , 114 , 118 , 121 , 122 , 130 , 138 , 156 , 168 , 170 , 173 , 175 , 207 , 208 ], by applying a constant potential [ 41 , 112 , 183 ] or a constant current [ 62 , 153 , 172 , 178 ] to the bare or previously modified PGE immersed in the solution containing monomer and eventually other components. A dip-coating method was applied to modify a PGE from a casting solution containing carmoisine/polyaniline or copper-carmoisine complex/polyaniline [ 129 ].…”

“…For surface morphology of bare or modified PGE investigations, different techniques of electron [ 3 , 15 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 54 , 60 , 65 – 67 , 85 , 111 , 118 – 122 , 126 – 128 , 130 , 135 , 141 – 143 , 145 – 148 , 158 , 161 , 170 , 173 , 175 , 178 , 181 – 183 , 189 , 198 , 200 , 204 , 205 , 210 , 216 , 218 , 219 ] and atomic force microscopy [ 28 , 29 , 60 , 65 – 67 , 112 , 126 , 172 , 198 , 205 ] are widely used. Sometimes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis [ 130 , 143 , 149 , 152 , 156 , 172 , 187 , 188 , 203 – 205 ]. X-ray diffraction was applied to investigate the chemical composition and/or crystal structure [ 143 , 145 , 203 , 204 , …”

Rapid detection of quinoline yellow in soft drinks using polypyrrole/single-walled carbon nanotubes composites modified glass carbon electrode

“…In order to prevent its aggregation, conducting polymers play main roles via p-p interaction between them. Polypyrrole, as a new polymers, has attracted special interest in recent years due to its facile synthetic method, high conductivity, biodegradation and relatively high stability under ambient environmental conditions [15,21,22].…”

A magenta polypyrrole derivatised with Methyl Red azo dye: synthesis and spectroelectrochemical characterisation

“…Therefore, the enhancement of optical contrast and colour modulation of p-conjugated polymers and their hybrid materials can be easily achieved by incorporating organic dyes (such as Indigo Carmine [4], Bromophenol Blue [5], Brilliant Yellow [6], Ponceau 4R [7], Remazol Black B and Dianix Red [8]) to the polymer film, or even by the modification of the monomer/ polymer structure by derivatisation with a dye. Using this approach, Cihaner and Algi [9] prepared a copolymer of a 2,5-di (2-thienyl)pyrrole (SNS) derivatised with an azo dye and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and Ajayaghosh et al [3] synthesised soluble donor-acceptor type conjugated copolymers of N-alkylpyrroles and squaric acid, in order to achieve better optoelectronic properties in comparison with the non-modified polymers.…”