Preparation of highly efficient monolithic silica capillary columns for the separations in weak cation-exchange and HILIC modes

Ikegami, Tohru; Horie, Kazuyuki; Jaafar, Juhana; Hosoya, Ken; Tanaka, Nobuo

doi:10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.09.010

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 3, trialkoxysilanes with hydrophobic organic moieties, such as N-octadecyldimethyl [3-(trimethoxy silyl)propyl]ammonium chloride [23], n-octyltriethoxysilane (C8-TES) [32][33][34][35], phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) [36][37][38], propyltrimethoxysilane (C3-TMS) [39], MTMS [40][41][42][43][44], and other trialkoxysilanes with active organic functionalities, such as aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) [45][46][47][48][49], N-(␤-aminoethyl)-␥-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane [50], N-(␤-aminoethyl)-␥-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane [51], 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane [52], 3-mercaptopropyltrime thoxysilane (MPTMS) [53], N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,Ntrimethylammonium chloride [54], allyl-trimethoxysilane [ 55,56], and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) [57] have been selected as coprecursors with tetraalkoxysilanes, TMOS, or TEOS. Additionally, bridged silanes such as 1,4-bis(triethoxysily1)benzene [58] have also been used for preparation of hybrid monoliths.…”

Section: Sol-gel Process Of Trialkoxysilanes and Tetraalkoxysilanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a branch of monolithic materials, hybrid monoliths not only possess the same properties of organic and silica-based monoliths such as good permeability, fast mass transfer, and ease of modification, but also have excellent features of high pH stability of organic monoliths and mechanical stability of pure silica monoliths. These qualities make the hybrid monoliths an alternative in microcolumn formats for CLC [34,41,42]. CEC has been regarded as one of the most powerful separation techniques due to the plug profile flow of mobile phase driven by the EOF in a capillary column or a microchannel of microfluidic chip, which combines the high efficiency of CE and the high selectivity of LC.…”

Section: Microscale Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in preparation and application of hybrid organic‐silica monolithic capillary columns

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2012

Electrophoresis

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Hybrid organic-silica monolithic columns, regarded as a second generation of silica-based monoliths, have received much interest due to their unique properties over the pure silicabased monoliths. This review mainly focuses on development in the fields of preparation of hybrid monolithic columns in a capillary and their application for CEC and capillary liquid chromatography separation, as well as for sample pretreatment of solid-phase microextraction and immobilized enzyme reactor since July 2010. The preparation approaches are comprehensively summarized with three routes: (i) general sol-gel process using trialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes as coprecursors; (ii) "one-pot" process of alkoxysilanes and organic monomers concomitantly proceeding sol-gel chemistry and free radical polymerization; and (iii) other polymerization approaches of organic monomers containing silanes. The modification of hybrid monoliths containing reactive groups to acquire the desired surface functionality is also described.

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Section: Sol-gel Process Of Trialkoxysilanes and Tetraalkoxysilanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscale Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in preparation and application of hybrid organic‐silica monolithic capillary columns

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2012

Electrophoresis

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“…The elution order was the same as that obtained by a conventional particle-packed SCX column, Inertsil CX (3.0 mm i.d., 250 mm long, GL Science). 11 The column efficiencies of 200H-pSSA and 200H-AMPS are summarized in Table 2. For these nucleic bases, the separation efficiencies of the capillary column, 200H-pSSA, and the particle-packed column, Inertsil CX, were comparable, and theoretical plate heights H were calculated as 20 -44 μm.…”

Section: Strong Cation-exchange Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In this report, the ionexchange mode was enlarged to SCX and strong-and weak anion-exchange (SAX and WAX) modes, to show the utility of the present polymer-coating method for the column functionalization and for providing much more efficient anionexchange columns.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Anion- and Cation-Exchange MicroHPLC Utilizing Poly(methacrylates)-coated Monolithic Silica Capillary Columns

et al. 2007

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The preparations of micro-sized monolithic silica columns have recently been attracting attention due to the potential of their multi-mode application for microHPLC, 1,2 LC-MS, 3,4 and 2D HPLC separations 5-7 with higher column efficiencies than the conventional particle-packed columns exhibit. Until very recently, the surface modifications of the monolithic silica columns were limited to the reversed-phase (RP) mode in many cases, except for an aminopropyl bonded column 8 or chiral separation columns. 9In 2006, a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-type monolithic silica column 10 and a weak cation-exchange (WCX) monolithic silica column 11 were reported. A highly efficient monolithic silica column modified with strong cation-exchange (SCX) functionality was also reported. 12 Under the RP mode separation, the monolithic silica columns achieved much higher separation efficiency with higher theoretical plates (can be larger than 100000 plates) 13 and much faster separation than the conventional particle-packed columns could achieve. However, the improvement of the column efficiency for ion-exchange chromatography has been limited to polymer monolithic columns possessing ion-exchange functionalities. In many cases, polymer monolithic columns are evaluated by the electrochromatography mode, 14 and it is not easy to adapt them to the common HPLC system. The ionexchange chromatography is widely used for the proteomics, 15,16 the separation of lipooligosaccharides 17 and NAHoligosaccharides, 18 quantification of proteins, 19 and metabolomics studies. 20 The preparation of highly efficient ionexchange columns will thus be beneficial to the progress of the above-mentioned life sciences areas.To realize higher separation efficiency in ion-exchange modes than conventional particle-packed columns, researchers have suggested that the functionalization of monolithic silica capillary columns by a polymer-coating reaction will be a reasonable method for WCX mode. 11 In this report, the ionexchange mode was enlarged to SCX and strong-and weak anion-exchange (SAX and WAX) modes, to show the utility of the present polymer-coating method for the column functionalization and for providing much more efficient anionexchange columns. ExperimentalReagents and chemicals 3-Methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane (MAS) was prepared by the previously reported method. 10Reagent grade methanol (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) was used after single distillation. Reagent grade toluene (Nacalai) was distilled from calcium hydride. 3-Diethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (DAHMA) was prepared by reacting glycidyl methacrylate (2.7 ml, 20 mmol, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and diethylamine (4.1 ml, 40 mmol, Nacalai) under reflux for 24 h, followed by a removal of the excess of diethylamine under reduced pressure. 21Other monomers: 2-(triethylammonium)ethyl methacrylate chloride (DMAEA-Q, Kohjin, Tokyo, Japan), p-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (pSSA, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and 2-acrylamido-2-me...

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Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography ( HILIC ) of Small Molecules

Gama

Bottoli

2014

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ( HILIC ) provides an alternative approach to separation of mixtures of polar and hydrophilic compounds that are poorly resolved by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. This separation mode involves polar stationary phases and an aqueous mobile phase, usually rich in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile. In addition to the commonly accepted mechanism of analyte liquid–liquid partitioning between the mobile phase and the water‐enriched solvent layer, which is partially immobilized onto the surface of the stationary phase, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and ion‐exchange interactions may also be involved. HILIC applications for the analysis of small polar molecules can be found in pharmaceutical, medicinal, food, and agricultural chemistry. Carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, polar drugs, metabolites, toxins, and other small polar or ionizable compounds are typical HILIC analytes.

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Preparation of highly efficient monolithic silica capillary columns for the separations in weak cation-exchange and HILIC modes

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Recent advances in preparation and application of hybrid organic‐silica monolithic capillary columns

Recent advances in preparation and application of hybrid organic‐silica monolithic capillary columns

Anion- and Cation-Exchange MicroHPLC Utilizing Poly(methacrylates)-coated Monolithic Silica Capillary Columns

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography ( HILIC ) of Small Molecules

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