“…Since the incorporation of Cr 3+ occurs through an aliovalent substitution, the charge compensation mechanism induces the formation of oxygen vacancies V O . These oxygen vacancies V O being unstable, they get reduced into singly ionized oxygen vacancies V 28,29 However, if the number of oxygen vacancies becomes too high, the BaTiO 3 tetragonal structure becomes distorted and transforms into the hexagonal conguration. From the XRD patterns, no peak associated with the hexagonal phase is observed.…”