Prescribing for Hyperopia in Childhood and Teenage by Academic Optometrists

Leat, Susan J.; Mittelstaedt, Andrea; McIntosh, Steven; Machan, Carolyn M.; Hrynchak, Patricia K.; Irving, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e31822f4b9c

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…differ in their recommendation practice compared to orthoptists and ophthalmologists. Interestingly the findings of this study of fictitious cases are in agreement with a study by Leat et al [10]. Academic optometrists/opticians showed a trend to prescribe spectacles at lower level of hyperopia than ophthalmologists [10].…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly the findings of this study of fictitious cases are in agreement with a study by Leat et al [10]. Academic optometrists/opticians showed a trend to prescribe spectacles at lower level of hyperopia than ophthalmologists [10]. The optometrists/ opticians of this study follow the optometric guidelines [8].…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Therefore it is not surprising that the different profession groups come up with variable guidelines. Evidence provided by prospective well-controlled large studies is still mostly missing [8,10]. Some professionals would not recommend glasses at all, especially in asymptomatic and younger children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eyeglasses for Children – a Survey of Daily Practice

Hagander

Traber

Landau

et al. 2016

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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supporting

confidence: 92%

supporting

confidence: 91%

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Eyeglasses for Children – a Survey of Daily Practice

Hagander

Traber

Landau

et al. 2016

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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“…[6] The other perspective is that refractive correction of hyperopia may improve visual acuity as well as the accuracy of accommodation. [1], [2] Consequently, the recommended guidelines regarding the threshold for hyperopic correction and optimal amount of correction vary among publications [6]–[8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Refractive Errors Related to Spectacle Correction of Hyperopia

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHyperopic undercorrection is a common clinical practice. However, less is known of its effect on the change in refractive errors and emmetropization throughout the later years of childhood.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of spectacle correction on the change in refractive errors in hyperopic children less than 12 years of age with or without strabismus.Data ExtractionA retrospective cohort study was performed by a computer based search of the hospital database of patients with hyperopia, accommodative esotropia or exotropia. A total of 150 hyperopic children under 12 years of age were included. Patients were classified into four groups: 1) accommodative esotropia with full correction of hyperopia, 2) exotropia with undercorrection of hyperopia, 3) orthotropia with full correction of hyperopia, 4) orthotropia with undercorrection of hyperopia. The 4 groups were matched by initial age on examination and spherical equivalent refractive errors (SER). The main outcome measure was the change in SER (Diopter/year) in both eyes after two years of follow-up.ResultsAn overall negative shift in SER was noted during the follow-up period in all groups, except for the group with esotropia and full correction. The mean negative shift of hyperopia was more rapid in groups receiving undercorrection of hyperopia with or without strabismus. The amount of undercorrection of hyperopia was positively correlated to the magnitude of decrease in hyperopia in all patients (r = 0.289, P<0.001) and in the subgroup of patients with orthotropia (r = 0.304, P = 0.011). The amount of undercorrection of hyperopia was the only factor associated with a more negative shift in SER (OR, 2.414; 95% CI, 1.202–4.849; P = 0.013).ConclusionsThe amount of undercorrection is significantly correlated to the change in hyperopic refractive errors. Full correction of hyperopia may inhibit emmetropization during early and late childhood.

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“…Each participant wore their optimal refractive correction throughout all experimental procedures (full aperture lenses in a trial frame), with the minus lens placed in front of one eye during the hyperopic anisometropia simulation condition. A simulation level of 0.75 D was chosen for this study to investigate if a magnitude of anisometropia less than the current recommendations for refractive correction in children ( ‡1.00 D hyperopic anisometropia) 26 has a detrimental effect on functional performance. Because both hyperopia [27][28][29] and anisometropia 13 have been linked with below average reading performance, we used a monocular hyperopic simulation instead of a bilateral asymmetric hyperopia simulation to isolate the impact of uncorrected anisometropia without the confounding influence of uncorrected ametropia (i.e., bilateral hyperopia).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%