Preservative-treated wood for foundations

Groot, R. C. De; Gjovik, L. R.; Baker, Andrew J.

doi:10.2737/fpl-rn-245

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Maxwell's ideas, summarized in his famous Treatise [121], were picked up, systematized, and reworked mathematically by his immediate followers [122,123], most notably by Oliver Heaviside [124]. The subsequent notion that the MMEs must be a corollary of the more fundamental microscopic Maxwell-Lorentz equations [125] was put forth by Hendrik Lorentz in [112] and has been further developed by many authors [113][114][115][116][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142].…”

Section: War Es Ein Gott Der Diese Zeichen Schrieb (?) (Was It a Godmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles modeling of electromagnetic scattering by discrete and discretely heterogeneous random media

et al. 2016

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A discrete random medium is an object in the form of a finite volume of a vacuum or a homogeneous material medium filled with quasi-randomly and quasi-uniformly distributed discrete macroscopic impurities called small particles. Such objects are ubiquitous in natural and artificial environments. They are often characterized by analyzing theoretically the results of laboratory, in situ, or remote-sensing measurements of the scattering of light and other electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic scattering and absorption by particles can also affect the energy budget of a discrete random medium and hence various ambient physical and chemical processes. In either case electromagnetic scattering must be modeled in terms of appropriate optical observables, i.e., quadratic or bilinear forms in the field that quantify the reading of a relevant optical instrument or the electromagnetic energy budget. It is generally believed that time-harmonic Maxwell's equations can accurately describe elastic electromagnetic scattering by macroscopic particulate media that change in time much more slowly than the incident electromagnetic field. However, direct solutions of these equations for discrete random media had been impracticable until quite recently. This has led to a widespread use of various phenomenological approaches in situations when their very applicability can be questioned. Recently, however, a new branch of physical optics has emerged wherein electromagnetic scattering by discrete and discretely heterogeneous random media is modeled directly by using analytical or numerically exact computer solutions of the Maxwell equations. Therefore, the main objective of this Report is to formulate the general theoretical framework of electromagnetic scattering by discrete random media rooted in the MaxwellLorentz electromagnetics and discuss its immediate analytical and numerical consequences. Starting from the microscopic Maxwell-Lorentz equations, we trace the development of the firstprinciples formalism enabling accurate calculations of monochromatic and quasi-monochromatic scattering by static and randomly varying multiparticle groups. We illustrate how this general framework can be coupled with state-of-the-art computer solvers of the Maxwell equations and applied to direct modeling of electromagnetic scattering by representative random multi-particle groups with arbitrary packing densities. This first-principles modeling yields general physical insights unavailable with phenomenological approaches. We discuss how the first-order-scattering approximation, the radiative transfer theory, and the theory of weak localization of electromagnetic waves can be derived as immediate corollaries of the Maxwell equations for very specific and well-defined kinds of particulate medium. These recent developments confirm the mesoscopic origin of the radiative transfer, weak localization, and effective-medium regimes and help evaluate the numerical accuracy of widely used approximate modeling methodologies.

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Section: War Es Ein Gott Der Diese Zeichen Schrieb (?) (Was It a Godmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles modeling of electromagnetic scattering by discrete and discretely heterogeneous random media

et al. 2016

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“…When studying the interaction (absorption, emission, scattering) of an electromagnetic field with single atoms or molecules, or even with mesoscopic particles, one usually makes a delta-function expansion of the microscopic current density of the particle, J(r,t), about the centre of the distribution, located at r=0 and held fixed in time here, i.e. [11,39] J r r J r r r Jr…”

Section: Appendix A: Multipole Expansion Of the Transverse Current Dementioning

confidence: 99%

On the Emergence of a Polychromatic Photon from a Single Atom

Keller

2002

Single Mol.

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Recent attempts to establish a space-time description of single-photon emission from single atoms (or molecules) are reviewed. In the wake of historical remarks on the so-called Lorenz zone of molecular influence, characteristics of the power-law confined birth domain of the photon are discussed within the framework of a field-unquantized formalism. In contrast to the common believe it is shown that the birth domain can be (and is) exponentially localized if the photon emerges from a pure spin transition. As a paradigm of exponential localization we discuss the emergence of a radio-frequency photon from the hydrogen hyperfine structure. Starting from the first-quantized description of the energy wave function of a polychromatic photon in vacuo, we introduce a propagator description of the photon embryo, and argue that the single-photon tunnelling process is a fingerprint of our inability to localize photons in space-time. With this understanding optical tunnelling appears as an indispensable part of all single photon-atom scattering processes. In the final part of the review we briefly describe how the formalism can be upgraded from single-photon wave mechanics to a field-quantized description based on wave packet (wave train) electrodynamics. In this new formalism, in which the polychromatic photon embryo is included as an integral part of the polychromatic field quanta, the electrons of the atom (or molecule) move not only in the self-consistent Coulomb potential but also in the transverse potential created by the particles themselves. A rigorous relativistic quantum electrodynamic theory of wave train photon emission from single atoms emerges in the horizon.

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