Preserving the Unique Puna Ecosystems of the Andean Altiplano

Rundel, Philip W.; Palma, Beatriz

doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2000)020[0262:ptupeo]2.0.co;2

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Mean annual rainfall averages 300-350 mm; mean annual temperature is 4.28C. The average monthly minimum temperature is À28C, with a monthly average maximum of 5.18C and a diurnal range of as much as 25-308C (Rundel and Palma, 2000). A significant fraction of the interannual variability in summer precipitation at present is related to the ENSO (Vuille, 1999).…”

Section: Geology and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and human occupation in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano over the last ca. 11 500 cal. a BP

Moreno

Santoro

Latorre

2009

J Quaternary Science

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2009. Climate change and human occupation in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano over the last ca. 11 500 cal. a BP.ABSTRACT: This interdisciplinary study represents an approximation towards understanding how regional human cultural systems may have been affected by climate change in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano (>3600 m) over the last ca. 11 500 cal a BP. We compare the archaeological record from Hakenasa cave with the lake record from Lago Chungará sediment cores, located 50 km to the south. By integrating both of these archives in conjunction with regional palaeoclimate and archaeological data, we provide new evidence for the role of changing environmental and climatic conditions in human settlement patterns. The first human occupation of the entire Altiplano occurs at Hakenasa and is dated to 9980 AE 40 14 C a BP (11 265-11 619 cal. a BP), and took place under wetter regional climate conditions. An archaeologically sterile deposit occurs at Hakenasa between 7870 and 6890 cal. a BP. Constituted by sands and gravels, these sediments are interpreted as a flood event. This time period is synchronous with alternating short dry and wet events recorded in the Lake Chungará sedimentary sequence. Human activity resumes and increases in importance at Hakenasa by ca. 6000 cal. a BP. This corresponds to wetter conditions indicated by the Chungará record. Even though the lake record indicates intense volcanic activity over the last 6000 cal. a BP, this had little or no impact on the human population present at Hakenasa. This study shows that even in this extreme environment human settlement patterns do not always respond in a linear fashion to environmental change.

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Section: Geology and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and human occupation in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano over the last ca. 11 500 cal. a BP

Moreno

Santoro

Latorre

2009

J Quaternary Science

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“…The puna is located between 15 ° and 27 ° S latitude, at an elevation that fluctuates between 3800 and 4500 m in the central cordillera of the Andes of South America. In some parts of that area small guanaco populations overlap with more abundant vicuña (Lucherini, 1996;Rundel & Palma, 2000). This biome is characterized by having a mean annual precipitation of 150-230 mm and vegetation composed of steppe grasses such as Festuca and Stipa (Negrete-Córdova, 1997).…”

Section: Habitats and Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic and biogeographical status of guanaco Lama guanicoe (Artiodactyla, Camelidae)

et al. 2006

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1. We review the status of the four currently recognized guanaco Lama guanicoe subspecies, and provide information about their taxonomy and distribution. The success of guanaco in inhabiting open habitats of South America is based mainly on the flexibility of their social behaviour and ecophysiological adaptations to harsh environments. 2. Lönnberg described the first subspecies, L. g. cacsilensis , at the beginning of the 20th century. Forty years later Krumbiegel described L. g. voglii , based on skull measurements and pelage colouration. The other two subspecies, L. g. huanacus and L. g. guanicoe , were classified as subspecies by Krumbiegel based on pelage colouration and body size, while maintaining the original Latin names and descriptors. 3. Further guanaco populations have been incorporated into each of these subspecies, based on their proximity to the type locality but without attention to the homogeneity of phenotype or habitat and only limited consideration of Bergmann's rule based on scarce skulls. Two alternative geographical ranges were proposed in the middle and towards the end of the 20th century. Discrepancies occur in the geographical range of each subspecies. 4. Molecular studies based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences recognized only two subspecies: the Peruvian L. guanicoe cacsilensis and the rest of the populations grouped in the clade recognized as L. g. guanicoe . We conclude that the evolutionary biology of L. guanicoe requires a significant revision with respect to biogeography. Phylogeographical data hold particular value in developing conservation strategies, particularly for some of the reduced and marginal populations and/or subspecies and will support IUCN (The World Conservation Union) Red List classification.

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“…In the first decade of the 21st century, there were several rapid declines of native species on subantarctic Macquarie Island associated with fluctuations in rabbit populations Whinam 1998, 2001;Kirkpatrick 2008, 2013;Bergstrom et al 2009;Shaw et al 2011). Damage in cushions has been associated with climatic extremes, particularly strong winds (Taylor 1955a(Taylor , 1955bKirkpatrick and Harwood 1980;Kirkpatrick et al 2002), shading by other plants (Hauri and Schröter 1914;le Roux et al 2005), mechanical damage from burrowing species (Selkirk et al 1990;Phiri et al 2009), herbivory (Chapuis et al 1994;Rundel and Palma 2000), human trampling (Scott and Kirkpatrick 1994;Chilcott 1999, 2003) and human exploitation for fuel and medicine (Núñez and Grosjean 2003;Kleier and Rundel 2004). There is no published work that shows that disease is a cause of the rapid spread of necrosis in and between individuals (TSS 2009), although diseases do damage cushion plants (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variation in damage and dieback in a threatened subantarctic cushion species

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A decline was observed in the subantarctic Macquarie Island endemic cushion, Azorella macquariensis, during the summer of 2008-2009, resulting in the listing of the species as critically endangered in 2010. Photographs of A. macquariensis in the period 2009-2013 were used to (1) identify types of damage, (2) determine the likely causes of three distinct types of damage, (3) establish whether dieback was spreading from affected to unaffected sites and (4) find out whether dieback was associated with the expansion of Agrostis magellanica. Grey damage occurred on the most windexposed parts of cushions and on the most wind-exposed sites. Speck damage occurred in the opposite situations and was consistent in its location, attributes and timing with rabbit grazing. Yellow dieback was sporadic in its occurrence. Its symptoms were consistent with those of a pathogen. Yellow damage expanded between spring 2009 and autumn 2010, with neither grey nor speck damage increasing. Yellow damage was associated with a marked decline in live cushion cover in plots between 2010 and 2013. The cushion was not eliminated from any plots, despite increased cover of A. magellanica in plots with dead cushions. Only one site not affected by yellow damage in 2010 had become affected by 2013. Given these results, and given that yellow damage has been observed in the past, 2008-2010 may have been an infrequent extreme outbreak of a pathogen and/or a response of a pathogen to ongoing climatic change.

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Preserving the Unique Puna Ecosystems of the Andean Altiplano

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Climate change and human occupation in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano over the last ca. 11 500 cal. a BP

Climate change and human occupation in the northernmost Chilean Altiplano over the last ca. 11 500 cal. a BP

Taxonomic and biogeographical status of guanaco Lama guanicoe (Artiodactyla, Camelidae)

Spatial and temporal variation in damage and dieback in a threatened subantarctic cushion species

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