Pressor, renal and endocrine effects of l-arginine in essential hypertensives

Pedrinelli, Roberto; M, Ebel; Catapano, Giosué; Dell’Omo, Giulia; Ducci, Michele; Chicca, M. Del; Clerico, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00198298

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…6,7 Amino acid content of proteins may be relevant to effects on BP. 17 L-Arginine, acting via NO, 18 lowers BP and improves endothelial function. Taurine lowers BP in animals 19 and is inversely related to BP in population studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives

et al. 2001

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Abstract-In population studies, higher blood pressure has been associated with lower intake of protein and, possibly, lower fiber consumption. In the present randomized controlled trial, we sought to determine whether dietary protein and fiber had additive effects on blood pressure reduction in hypertensives. Treated hypertensive patients changed for 4 weeks (familiarization) to a diet low in protein (12.5% energy) and fiber (15 g/d). Patients (nϭ41) were then randomized to 1 of 4 groups in an 8-week factorial study of parallel design in which they continued the low-protein, low-fiber diet alone or had supplements of soy protein to increase protein intake to 25% energy, of psyllium to provide an additional 12 g soluble fiber/d, or of both protein and fiber. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was compared from the end of familiarization to the end of intervention. In the 36 subjects who provided complete data, protein and fiber had significant additive effects to lower 24-hour and awake systolic blood pressure. Relative to control subjects, the net reduction in 24-hour systolic blood pressure was 5.9 mm Hg with fiber and with protein. 8 and have in general proved to be negative. However, increased dietary protein attenuated the pressor effect of salt among young volunteers with a family history of hypertension. 9 Recently, soy protein supplements of 40 g/d were found to lower systolic BP (SBP) by 3 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) by Ϸ2 mm Hg, relative to control subjects, 10 in 35-to 65-year-old Chinese subjects with untreated high-normal BP.Dietary fiber may also be related inversely to BP. 2,11-13 A recent meta-analysis 14 concluded that fiber probably has a small BP-lowering effect. In Chinese populations, BP has been associated inversely with both protein and fiber intake, 2 consistent with additive effects. However, associations with specific nutrients may arise through other dietary or lifestyle differences that affect BP.Given the worldwide prevalence of hypertension, it is important to resolve whether dietary protein and fiber can influence BP alone or additively. We therefore conducted a randomized controlled trial in treated hypertensives in whom protein or fiber intake, or both, was increased against a background of a standardized diet low in both constituents. Methods SubjectsNonsmoking men or women who were Ն20 years old and were receiving drug therapy for hypertension were recruited via advertisement. Inclusion criteria included drug therapy for Ն6 months with Յ2 antihypertensive agents, SBP between 130 and 160 mm Hg, and alcohol intake of Յ210 g alcohol/wk. Exclusion criteria included diabetes, renal disease (creatinine Ͼ130 mmol/L), symptomatic heart disease, regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychiatric illness, or body mass index of Ͼ33 kg/m 2 for men and Ͼ37 kg/m 2 for women. The study was approved by the University of Western Australia Committee for Human Rights, and all participants gave written consent. Dietary InterventionDuring the initial 4-week period (baseline), subj...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives

et al. 2001

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“…L-ARGININE (ARG) IS CONVERTED to nitric oxide (NO), leading to renal and systemic vasodilatation, thereby having an important influence on vascular endothelial function (1,4,7,11,19,20,31). In the kidney, in addition to the endothelium-dependent effects on renal vasculature, ARG infusion may influence renal hemodynamic function through changes in the extent to which sodium chloride (NaCl) is delivered to the macula densa (MD), thus modulating tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) (34,49,50).…”

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confidence: 99%

Renal hemodynamic response tol-arginine in uncomplicated, type 1 diabetes mellitus: the role of buffering anions and tubuloglomerular feedback

Montanari

Cabassi

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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According to the "tubulocentric" hypothesis of the glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetes mellitus (DM), tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is the critical determinant of the related renal hemodynamic dysfunction. To examine the role of TGF in human type 1 DM, 12 salt-replete healthy (C) and 11 uncomplicated DM individuals underwent measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and lithium-derived absolute "distal" sodium delivery (DDNa). Measurements were made during two 3-h infusions of 0.012 mmol·kg(-1)·min(-1) l-arginine (ARG) buffered with either equimolar HCl (ARG.HCl) or citric acid (ARG.CITR). Our hypothesis was that changes in TGF signaling would be directionally opposite ARG.HCl vs. ARG.CITR according to the effects of the ARG-buffering anion on DDNa. Similar changes in C and DM followed ARG.CITR, with declines in DDNa (-0.26 ± 0.07 mmol/min C vs. -0.31 ± 0.07 mmol/min DM) and increases in RBF (+299 ± 25 vs. +319 ± 29 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)) and GFR (+6.6 ± 0.8 vs. +11.6 ± 1.2 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)). In contrast, with ARG.HCl, DDNa rose in both groups (P = 0.001), but the response was 73% greater in DM (+1.50 ± 0.15 mmol/min C vs. +2.59 ± 0.22 mmol/min DM, P = 0.001). RBF also increased (P = 0.001, +219 ± 20 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) C, +105 ± 14 DM), but ΔRBF after ARG.HCl was lower vs. ARG.CITR in both groups (P = 0.001). After ARG.HCl, ΔRBF also was 50% lower in DM vs. C (P = 0.001) and GFR, unchanged in C, declined in DM (-7.4 ± 0.9 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2), P = 0.02 vs. C). After ARG.HCl, unlike ARG.CITR, DDNa increased in C and DM, associated with less ΔRBF and ΔGFR vs. ARG.CITR. This suggests that the renal hemodynamic response to ARG is influenced substantially by the opposite actions of HCl vs. CITR on DDNa and TGF. In DM, the association of ARG.HCl-induced exaggerated ΔDDNa, blunted ΔRBF, and the decline in GFR vs. C shows an enhanced TGF dependence of renal vasodilatation to ARG, in agreement with a critical role of TGF in DM-related renal hemodynamic dysfunction.

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“…exercise ͉ nitric oxide N itric oxide (NO) is a widespread signaling molecule that is involved in mammalian physiological processes including the relaxation of blood vessels (1)(2)(3), immune function (4), inhibition of platelet aggregation (5,6), and neurotransmission (7). The amino acid L-arginine is the natural precursor for the formation of NO (8), and exogenous L-arginine administration causes the relaxation of blood vessels through the action of NO (9,10).…”

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Low-dose l -arginine administration increases microperfusion of hindlimb muscle without affecting blood pressure in rats

Ohta

Takagi

Sato

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of exogenous L-arginine on the capillary blood flow of peripheral tissues of normotensive subjects. Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and the blood flow of femoral, dorsal, and ventral skin and gastrocnemius and soleus muscle was measured by laser Doppler flow and microsphere methods to compare the blood flow before and after the L-arginine infusion. L-Arginine lowered the mean blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, but a statistically significant reduction in mean blood pressure was detected only at a high dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight. The significant blood flow increment was detected after the L-arginine infusion at doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg without causing hypotension. Nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker, also increased the skin blood flow, but the blood flow increment and blood pressure fall were comparable. A significant increment in microperfusion was detected in gastrocnemius, soleus muscle, and ventral skin compared with control group by the microsphere method. No adverse effects were observed during L-arginine and microsphere infusion. The present work indicates that L-arginine infusion increases muscle capillary blood flow in rats that are not performing exercise. Supplementation with L-arginine might provide additional blood flow at rest and during exercise and result in the improvement of muscle performance and exercise capacity.exercise ͉ nitric oxide N itric oxide (NO) is a widespread signaling molecule that is involved in mammalian physiological processes including the relaxation of blood vessels (1-3), immune function (4), inhibition of platelet aggregation (5, 6), and neurotransmission (7). The amino acid L-arginine is the natural precursor for the formation of NO (8), and exogenous L-arginine administration causes the relaxation of blood vessels through the action of NO (9, 10). Although NO synthase, the enzyme that produces NO from L-arginine, is theoretically saturated with its natural substrate, exogenous L-arginine administration leads to increased NO production, and this phenomenon is known as the arginine paradox (9, 10). Therefore, many investigators have been interested in the effects of supplementation with L-arginine to produce increased beneficial effects of NO, including prevention of the progression of atherosclerosis (11, 12), prevention of pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction (13, 14), enhancement of cellular immune response of T lymphocytes (4), and amelioration of hypertension (15,16). Other studies indicate that oral supplementation of L-arginine also corrects endothelial dysfunction of chronic heart failure (17), and it increases exercise capacity in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension by increasing peak oxygen consumption and decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance thorough the action of NO (18).Because oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place only in the capillary bed, the peripheral blood flow correlates with the rate of oxygen uptake...

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Pressor, renal and endocrine effects of l-arginine in essential hypertensives

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives

Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives

Renal hemodynamic response tol-arginine in uncomplicated, type 1 diabetes mellitus: the role of buffering anions and tubuloglomerular feedback

Low-dose l -arginine administration increases microperfusion of hindlimb muscle without affecting blood pressure in rats

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