“…For example, in a recent MRI study, simultaneous measurements of the gas and liquid velocity distribution in a trickle bed reactor have been presented (Sankey, Holland, et al, 2009). Such measurements will provide a means for testing directly the assumptions that underpin the closure models used for gaseliquid interaction in trickle bed reactors (Attou, Boyer, & Ferschneider, 1999;Iliuta, Larachi, & Al-Dahhan, 2000;Iliuta, Larachi, & Grandjean, 1998;S aez & Carbonell, 1985). Future developments of numerical models of bubble column and trickle bed reactors will depend on detailed experimental investigations, such as those described above, in order to establish the correct methods for modelling these complex systems.…”