“…According to the results, the reattachment distance is insensitive to the rib pitch ratios, Reynolds numbers and roughness heights. Chandra and Han (1989) studied combined effects of sharp turn and rib configuration on mass transfer experiments in stationary square channels, employing various rib geometries that comprise rib height-to-duct hydraulic diameter ratios (e/ D h = 0.063), rib pitch-to-height ratios (p/e = 10) and rib angles-of-attack (90°or 60°). Acharya et al (1997) measured the flow field and thermal field for a flow in a periodically ribbed duct at the transitional flow and the fully turbulent flow.…”