Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Vibrio Derived from Farm-Raised Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

Antibiotics are widely used in intensive fish farming, which in turn increases the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the prevalence and determines the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio in farmed fishes on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Over a period of 12 months, 32 aquaculture farms from the Malaysian states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, and Perak were sampled. Both E. coli and Salmonella were highly resistant to erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, while Vibrio was highly resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin. Resistance to the antibiotics listed as the highest priority and critically important for human therapy, such as colistin in E. coli (18.1%) and Salmonella (20%) in fish, is a growing public health concern. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) levels of E. coli and Salmonella in tilapia were 46.5% and 77.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDR levels of E. coli, Salmonella, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae in Asian seabass were 34%, 100%, 21.6%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Our findings provide much-needed information on AMR in aquaculture settings that can be used to tailor better strategies for the use of antibiotics in aquaculture production at the local and regional levels.

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Multiple Strategies for the Cadmium Tolerance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus N10-18 Isolated from Aquatic Animal Ostrea gigas Thunberg

“…V. parahaemolyticus is frequently isolated from aquatic products worldwide, including crustaceans, fish, and shellfish [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. For example, recently, Li et al analyzed food samples ( n = 905) collected from 15 provinces in China and found that 14.17% of fish ( n = 204), 15.34% of shrimp ( n = 365), and 3.67% of ready-to-eat food ( n = 300) samples were detected positive for potential V. parahaemolyticus contamination [ 8 ].…”

“…Antibiotics effectively control infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture [ 11 ]. Nevertheless, during the past few decades, the inappropriate application of antibiotics in medical treatment and aquaculture has resulted in the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria, which pose serious threats to therapeutic options for human diseases [ 9 ]. On the other hand, rapid industrialization and modernization may lead to the increased heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment, such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn).…”

Aktivitas Antibakteri Secara In Vitro Ekstrak Metanol Biji Mahoni terhadap Escherichia Coli

“…Upaya penyembuhan penyakit karena infeksi yang diakibatkan oleh E. coli diperlukan suatu obat yang mempunyai efek samping kecil, namun daya kerja optimal.2 Antibiotik sudah banyak digunakan terutama dalam menghambat mikroorganisme yang berhubungan dengan infeksi (3,4). Penelitian Kibret dkk, melaporkan bahwa E. coli memiliki tingkat resistensi yang tinggi terhadap eritromisin (89,4%),amoksisilin (86,0%), tetrasiklin (72,6%), gentamisin (58%), betalaktam (35,5%) (5).…”

Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pharmaceuticals and Disinfectants.

“…Their study also reported that 47% of PPCP detected in Indian waters could pose a risk to both aquatic environment and human health. Dewi et al [61] found multiple drug resistant (erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim) E. coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio in fish farm on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study of Rizvi and Ahammad [62] detected that unnecessary use of antibiotics during COVID-19 increased AMR in some patients and microorganisms.…”