Prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity profile of uropathogens in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently occurring infections worldwide seeking medical attentions. The etiology of UTI and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of uropathogens vary in regions and change through time. This study aims to evaluate the pathogens responsible for causing UTI and analyze the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolated uropathogens. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka over a period of January 2018 to December 2019. Out of 11,274 urine samples, 1452 (12.88%) were positive for uropathogens by culture. Among these 1452 isolates, majority of them 936 (64.46%) were isolated from females. Escherichia coli 899 (61.91%) was the predominant organism followed by Enterococccus species 168 (11.57%), Klebsiella species 140 (9.64%), Enterobacter species 137 (9.44%). Escherichia coli showed high rate of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin 79.76%, gentamicin 75.31%, amikacin 88.65%, imipenem 97.89% and meropenem 80.87%. Pseudomonas species showed high rate of sensitivity to imipenem 70.45%. Enterococcus species showed high rate of sensitivity to vancomycin 94.05%, imipenem 70.83% and linezolid 79.76%. UTI is a very common problem and rate of antimicrobial resistance is increasing day by day. Therefore, each institution should have an antibiotic policy based on the local antibiogram which is to be renewed regularly.
 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2020; 14 (2): 3-11

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens among adult patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

“…Regarding sex, women had a higher prevalence of UTI (52.1%) than men (47.9%). This finding is consistent with most previous reports [ 5 , 6 , 31 , 32 ]. Several studies have proposed factors that could increase the prevalence of UTI among certain patients, including the proximity of the urethra to the anus and less acidic pH of the vaginal surface in women, wider and shorter urethra, sexual behavior, incontinence, and poor hygienic practices [ 11 , 33 , 34 ].…”

“…It exhibited the highest resistance rates to aztreonam, ampicillin, and cephalexin at 85.2%, 78.8%, and 71.2%, respectively (Table 3 ). These findings agree with other reports of resistance rates between 70% and 90% against these antibiotics [ 31 , 36 , 38 ]. On the contrary, E. coli was highly sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin at the rates of 92.3%, 89.4%, and 88.5%, respectively.…”

“…E. coli was the most prevalent isolated bacterial species (n = 1172; 29.8%), followed by K. pneumoniae (n = 889; 22.4%) and P. aeruginosa (n = 323; 5.1%) (Table 2 ). Despite the multicultural nature of Madinah, our findings concerning the most predominant Gram-negative bacteria are consistent with several reports in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere [ 5 , 6 , 25 – 27 , 31 , 32 , 35 ].…”

“…On the contrary, E. coli was highly sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin at the rates of 92.3%, 89.4%, and 88.5%, respectively. The high sensitivity rates in this study are closely similar to those in the previous work by Rahman et al (97.89%, 80.87%, and 88.65%, respectively) [ 31 ] (Table 3 ).…”

“…Consistent with our findings, several studies, including a study conducted in Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, reported Enterococcus spp. as the most commonly isolated Gram-positive uropathogen [ 31 , 35 , 36 ]. However, other uropathogens such as S. aureus , S. agalactiae , and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus have also been reported as the most frequently identified Gram-positive bacteria [ 25 , 37 ].…”