Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella in stool samples in a tertiary healthcare hospital of Punjab

Kumar, Atul; Oberoi, Aroma; Alexander, Vipin Sam

doi:10.4103/2348-3334.126787

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Shigella flexneri was isolated predominately from Ethiopia [7, 8, 14], Kenya [9, 13], Eritrea [11], Ghana [12], Pakistan [16], Iran [17, 22], China [19, 27], Nepal [23, 28], India [29] and Brazil [31] (Table 1). S. sonnei was also isolated predominately from Ethiopia [13], Thailand [18], Vietnam [24] and Iran [25, 26], Chile [21] and Trinidad [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on Sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001–2014

Kahsay

Saravanan

2016

BMC Res Notes

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BackgroundShigella, gram negative bacterium, is responsible for Shigellosis/bacillary dysentery. It is a global concern although it predominates in developing countries. These are Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei. Drug resistance by Shigella species is another headache of the world. Therefore; this study aimed to review distribution of Shigella Serogroups and their antimicrobial patterns carried out in Africa, Asia and South America.MethodsA literature search was performed to identify published studies between January 2001 and December 2014. Published studies were identified using an initial search of the MEDLINE/Index Medicus Database, PubMed, Project Management Consultant, Google Scholar, Science Direct, BioMed Central and Index Copernicus.ResultsShigella flexneri was isolated predominately from seven studies in four African countries and eight studies in five Asian countries. The countries in which eligible studies carried out were Ethiopia, Kenya, Eritrea and Ghana in Africa and Pakistan, Iran, China, Nepal and India in Asia. S. sonnei was isolated predominately from one study in Africa, four in Asia and two South America. The countries in which eligible studies carried out were Ethiopia from Africa, Thailand, Vietnam and Iran from Asia and Chile and Trinidad from South America. S. dysentery was also reported majorly from one eligible study in Egypt and one in Nepal. S. boydii did not score highest prevalence in any one of the eligible studies. Three studies from Africa, five from Asia and one from South America were reviewed for antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella Serogroups. In all the regions, Ampicillin developed highly resistance to almost all the Serogroups of Shigella whereas all the strains were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin.ConclusionThe incidence of Shigella Serogroups in the selected three regions is different. The domination of S. flexneri is observed in Africa and Asia although S. sonnei in South America is dominant. Shigella Serogroups are becoming resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs in developing countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on Sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001–2014

Kahsay

Saravanan

2016

BMC Res Notes

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Burden ofShigellain South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Muzembo

Kitahara

Mitra

et al. 2022

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background Shigella remains one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in South Asia. Current estimates of the prevalence of Shigella are critical for guiding control measures. We estimated the prevalence of Shigella species and serogroups in South Asia. Methods We performed a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and June 19, 2022. We also manually searched the reference lists of the reviewed studies to identify additional studies. We included studies that detected the presence of Shigella in stool by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Studies associated with outbreaks were excluded. Two investigators independently reviewed the studies, extracted the data, and performed quality assessment. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence of Shigella. Results Our search yielded 5707 studies, of which 91 studies from five South Asian countries were included in the systematic review, 79 in the meta-analysis of Shigella prevalence and 63 in the meta-analysis of Shigella serogroups prevalence. The pooled prevalence of Shigella was 7% (95% CI: 6–7%), with heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7; p < 0.01). The prevalence of Shigella was higher in children aged < 5 years (10%; 95% CI: 8–11%), in rural areas (12%; 95% CI: 10–14%), and in studies using PCR (15%; 95% CI: 11–19%). Shigella flexneri (58%) was the most abundant serogroup, followed by Shigella sonnei (19%), Shigella boydii (10%), and Shigella dysenteriae (9%). S. flexneri 2a was the most frequently isolated serotype (36%), followed by serotype 3a (12%), serotype 6 (12%), and serotype 1b (6%). The prevalence of non-typeable Shigella was 10.0%. Conclusions Although the prevalence of Shigella in South Asia remains generally high, it varies by age group and geographical area, with data lacking in some countries. Effective Shigella vaccines would be advantageous for both endemic communities and travellers.

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Shigellosis and Development of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Shigella spp.

Ahamed¹,

Giri²

2021

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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Shigellosis is a serious public health issue. Millions of people suffer from this deadly food and water borne disease each year. The main manifestations of affected persons are bloody diarrhea with excessive dehydration. The causative agent of this disease is the bacteria Shigella spp. which has four serogroups. Though Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae are the dominant serogroups in developing countries, reports of other serogroups, namely Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei, in the food contaminations are available. There are seasonal variations of Shigella infection throughout the world. In Asian subcontinent, monsoon and post monsoon times are the ideal for infection. The transmission of the bacteria in human is usually caused by feco-oral route or by contaminated food and water. There are several groups of antibiotics like foscomycin, macrolide, amiglycoside, tetracycline etc. which were used before. But they are now become useless as Shigella spp. is getting resistant against those drugs. The quinolone groups of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norflxacin, ceftriaxone etc. are the important drugs for the cure of the disease shigellosis but prevalence of drug resistant strains of Shigella spp. against those drugs are a great concern nowadays. The occurrence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR), efflux pump proteins and effective mutations at drug binding region of gyrA etc. are the major mechanisms for the development of drug resistance.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella in stool samples in a tertiary healthcare hospital of Punjab

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A review on Sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001–2014

A review on Sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella species in Africa, Asia and South America, 2001–2014

Burden ofShigellain South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shigellosis and Development of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Shigella spp.

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