Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Xu, Tingling; Wang, Bingsong; Liu, Hua; Wang, Haidong; Yin, Peng; Dong, Wenlan; Li, Jianhong; Wang, Ya Xing; Yusufu, Mayinuer; Briant, Paul Svitil; Reinig, Nickolas; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Adelson, Jaimie D.; Vos, Theo; Bourne, Rupert; Wang, Ke; Zhou, Maigeng

doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30254-1

Cited by 151 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

125

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The GBD 2019 study provided a comprehensive and up-to-date estimation of the epidemiology of diseases and injuries in different sexes and age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 21 regions, from 1990 to 2019 [12] . Details about the study design and methods of GBD studies have been extensively described in existing GBD literature [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] . Data of GBD studies are publicly available online, and can be extracted by Global Health Data Exchange query tool ( http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of upper respiratory infections in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are among the most common diseases. However, the related burden has not been comprehensively evaluated. Thus, we designed the present study to describe the global and regional burden of URIs from 1990 to 2019. Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of URIs in different sex and age groups, from 21 geographic regions, 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Countries and territories were categorized according to Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. Findings: Globally, the incident cases of URIs reached 17¢2 (95% uncertainty interval: 15¢4 to 19¢3) billion in 2019, which accounted for 42¢83% (40¢01% to 45¢77%) cases from all causes in the GBD 2019 study. The age-standardized incidence rate remained stable from 1990 to 2019, while significant decreases were found in the mortality and DALY rate. The highest age-standardized incidence rates from 1990 to 2019 and the highest age-standardized DALY rates after 2011 were observed in high SDI regions. Among all the age groups, children under five years old suffered from the highest incidence and DALY rates, both of which were decreased with increasing age. Fatal consequences of URIs occurred mostly in the elderly and children under five years old. Interpretation: The present study provided comprehensive estimates of URIs burden for the first time. Our findings, highlighting the substantial incidence and considerable DALYs due to URIs, are expected to attract more attention to URIs and provide future explorations in the prevention and treatment with epidemiological evidence.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of upper respiratory infections in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Xu’s study has revealed that China’s vision loss burden had increased more rapidly than other G20 countries from 1990 to 2019 [ 18 ]. The main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment are uncorrected refraction disorders, cataract, and macular degeneration in 2019, which were the same in 1990.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment are uncorrected refraction disorders, cataract, and macular degeneration in 2019, which were the same in 1990. Refraction disorders is the main cause of moderate visual impairment in people younger than 70 years [ 18 ]. Consist with these findings, refraction disorders are less affected by population aging than other eye diseases and the population affected are becoming younger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national prevalence, disability adjusted life years, and time trends for refraction disorders, 1990–2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Liu

Dong

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background To evaluate global burden of refraction disorders by year, age, region, gender, socioeconomic status and other national characteristics in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and prevalence from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 and World Bank Open Data 2019. Methods Global, regional, and national DALY numbers, crude DALY rates, age-standardized DALY and prevalence rates of refraction disorders were acquired from the GBD study 2019. Mobile cellular subscriptions, urban population, GDP per capita, access to electricity and total fertility rate were obtained from the World Bank to explore the factors that influenced the health burden of refraction disorders. Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression and multiple linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between the health burden with socioeconomic levels and other national characteristics. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to investigate the gender disparity. Results Globally, age-standardized DALY rates of refraction disorders decreased from 88.9 (95% UI: 60.5–120.3) in 1990 to 81.5 (95% UI: 55.0–114.8) in 2019, and might fall to 73.16 (95% UI: 67.81–78.51) by 2050. Age-standardized prevalence rates would also reduce to 1830 (95% UI: 1700–1960) by 2050, from 2080 (95% UI: 1870–2310) in 1990 to 1960 (95% UI: 1750–2180) in 2019. In low SDI region, age-standardized DALY rates (equation: Y = 114.05*X + 27.88) and prevalence rates (equation: Y = 3171.1*X + 403.2) were positively correlated with SDI in linear regression respectively. East Asia had the highest blindness rate caused by refraction disorders in terms of age-standardized DALY rates (11.20, 95% UI: 7.38–16.36). Gender inequality was found among different age groups and SDI regions. Conclusion Health burden of refraction disorders decreased in recent years, and may continue to alleviate in the next three decades. Older ages, females and lower socioeconomic status were associated with higher refraction disorders health burden.

show abstract

“…A most recent survey on the causes of vision loss in China revealed that URE remains the major leading cause of moderate/severe vision impairment and blindness in China in the overall population (19,20). India and China account for approximately 50% of global vision impairment and blindness due to UREs (4,21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of present URE may not be comparable with that derived from the population-based studies, especially when the different diagnostic criteria were used (29-36) (Table 5). Meanwhile, the impacts of URE in the Chinese adults were usually addressed when analyzing the cause of visual impairment (19,20,(37)(38)(39). Studies directly reporting the prevalence, distribution, and service coverage for URE among the adults in China are very limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Access to Refractive Services in Adults: A Health Examination Center-Based Model

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To assess the potential of a health examination center-based screening model in improving service for uncorrected refractive error.Methods: Individuals aged ≥18 years undergoing the routine physical examinations at a tertiary hospital in the northeast China were invited. Presenting visual acuity, noncycloplegic autorefraction, noncontact tonometry, fundus photography, and slit-lamp examination were performed. Refractive error was defined as having spherical equivalent ≤ -0.75 D or ≥ +1 D and uncorrected refractive error was considered as refractive error combined with presenting visual acuity < 6/12 in the better eye. Costs for the screening were assessed.Results: A total of 5,284 participants (61 ± 14 years) were included. The overall prevalence of myopia and hyperopia was 38.7% (95% CI, 37.4–40.0%) and 23.5% (95% CI, 22.3–24.6%), respectively. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 7.85% (95% CI, 7.13–8.58%). Women (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003), those with age ≥ 70 years (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003), and myopia (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) were at higher risk of uncorrected refractive error and uncorrected refractive error-related visual impairment. Spectacle coverage rate was 70.6% (95% CI, 68.2–73.0%). The cost to identify a single case of refractive error and uncorrected refractive error was US$3.2 and US$25.2, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is high in the urban Chinese adults. Health examination center-based refractive error screening is able to provide an efficient and low-cost model to improve the refractive services in China.

show abstract

Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Cited by 151 publications

References 33 publications

Global burden of upper respiratory infections in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019

Global burden of upper respiratory infections in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019

Global, regional, and national prevalence, disability adjusted life years, and time trends for refraction disorders, 1990–2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Improving Access to Refractive Services in Adults: A Health Examination Center-Based Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About