Prevalence and detecting spatial clustering of diabetes at the district level in India

Ghosh, Koustav; Dhillon, Preeti; Agrawal, Gopal

doi:10.1007/s10389-019-01072-6

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…3 ). The variation in the prevalence of diabetes comorbidity among TB patients closely aligns with a higher burden of diabetes overall, and regional variation in diabetes prevalence: Southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu have a higher prevalence of diabetes compared to other states in India 95 (Supplementary Fig. 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gautam

Shrestha²,

Mahato

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The escalating burden of diabetes is increasing the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and has a pervasive impact on TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the burden of diabetes among TB patients and assess its impact on TB treatment in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for observational (cross-sectional, case–control and cohort) studies that reported prevalence of diabetes in TB patients and published between 1 January 1980 and 30 July 2020. A random-effect model for computing the pooled prevalence of diabetes and a fixed-effect model for assessing its impact on TB treatment were used. The review was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42020167896. Of the 3463 identified studies, a total of 74 studies (47 studies from India, 10 from Pakistan, four from Nepal and two from both Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka) were included in this systematic review: 65 studies for the prevalence of diabetes among TB patients and nine studies for the impact of diabetes on TB treatment outcomes. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in TB patients was 21% (95% CI 18.0, 23.0; I2 98.3%), varying from 11% in Bangladesh to 24% in Sri-Lanka. The prevalence was higher in studies having a sample size less than 300 (23%, 95% CI 18.0, 27.0), studies conducted in adults (21%, 95% CI 18.0, 23.0) and countries with high TB burden (21%, 95% CI 19.0, 24.0). Publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry of the funnel plot and Egger’s test (p < 0.001). Compared with non-diabetic TB patients, patients with TB and diabetes were associated with higher odds of mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.51; I2 19.4%) and treatment failure (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4; I2 49.6%), but not associated with Multi-drug resistant TB (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6, 1.7; I2 40.7%). This study found a high burden of diabetes among TB patients in South Asia. Patients with TB-diabetes were at higher risk of treatment failure and mortality compared to TB alone. Screening for diabetes among TB patients along with planning and implementation of preventive and curative strategies for both TB and diabetes are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gautam

Shrestha²,

Mahato

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…A study by found that diabetes prevalence was positively related with per capita calorie consumption in India, especially the positive association was per capita calorie intake from sugar and the production of sugar crops. 28 The finding of this study suggests that rich wealth index, other occupations (other occupation-Professional, Clerical, sales and other than agriculture), overweight BMI had a positive impact on the HBG and VHBG prevalence. The previous study found that concurrent reduction in physical activities and the rapid increase in the consumption of sugar and fats in India has resulted into significate increases in the prevalence of diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…3 The prevalence of diabetes is significantly high particularly in the southern states of India as compared to northern India. 4 A study based on the 11 Indian cities, shown that the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes is higher among women than men. 5 A study has shown Fasting Blood Glucose concentration (FBG), and Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBG) were slightly higher among women in comparison to men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial clustering of diabetes among reproductive age women and its spatial determinants at the district level in southern India

Biradar

Singh

2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Few recent studies have demonstrated that in India diabetes prevalence varies geographically. Differences in individual-level factors and socioeconomic status are common explanations for this variation. However, we have not come across any study on diabetes spatial clusters at the district-level among reproductive-age women in southern India. Therefore, the study was carried out to understand the spatial clustering of diabetes prevalence among reproductive-age women and its spatial determinants in southern India. Methods: National Family Health Survey (2015-16) data was used to estimate High Blood Glucose (HBG) and Very High Blood Glucose (VHBG) prevalence for women aged 15-49 years in 99 districts of southern India. We adopted advanced spatial statistical analysis such as Moran's Index and spatial regression techniques to address the study objectives. Results: Remarkable variations were found in HBG and VHBG prevalence among 99 districts in southern India. Spatial association of HBG was found in 4 districts, and VHBG was found in 7 districts, which were hotspots. The value of the bivariate Moran's I statistics confirmed the spatial dependence between HBG and VHBG with a set of independent variables. District-level prevalence of HBG and VHBG have shown significant spatial clustering across southern Indian districts. The adjusted coefficients from the spatial error model confirmed that districtlevel proportion of tobacco use, overweight, obese, and general caste had significant associations with HBG and VHBG prevalence. Conclusion:The study suggests that there is need for targeted intervention programs to address diabetes among reproductive-age women in high priority districts in southern India.

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“…However, some researchers defined the random cut-off of 2-h plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) criterion is equivalent to the random capillary blood glucose cut-off point of 140 mg/dl (7.7 mmol/l) [22]. Similarly, others also defined a random glucose level of > 140 mg/dl as above normal and in this study, we too follow this definition as increased blood glucose level [3,20,21].…”

Section: Description Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…About 25% of Indians above 18 years will add to future burden and risk of death due to diabetes/hypertension [17]. While wide variations by sex in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus have been documented in several articles [18][19][20][21], the causes of this heterogeneity need to be understood including the effect of hysterectomy on diabetes risk among reproductive women. To date no nationally representative study of increased blood glucose among women who undergo hysterectomy (hereafter referred to as hysterectomy women) and women who did not undergo hysterectomy (hereafter referred to as non-hysterectomy women) in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased blood glucose level following hysterectomy among reproductive women in India

2020

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Background In recent years, the hysterectomy, a surgical removal of the uterus, has received increased attention in health policy debates in India. The trigger for this was a series of media reports that highlighted an unusual surge in the number of women undergoing hysterectomies with a significant number of cases involving young and early menopausal women from low-income families. When menopause occurs as a result of hysterectomy, then the hormones such as estrogen and progesterone affect how the body cells respond to insulin. To date, we have not come across a national study following blood glucose levels among women who undergo a hysterectomy. Methods The study used the Indian fourth round of National Family Health Survey data, which is a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 699,686 women in the age group 15–49 years and conducted during 2015–16. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the effect of hysterectomy on blood glucose level of > 140 mg/dl among women of reproductive age groups. Results The blood glucose level of > 140 mg/dl was much higher among women who had undergone a hysterectomy (12.2%) compared to non-hysterectomy women (5.7%). The pattern holds true among relevant background characteristics such as age, place of residence, education, caste, religion, wealth, marital status, body mass index (BMI), anaemia and consumption of tobacco. The adjusted odds after controlling for significant background factors, women who underwent hysterectomy experienced 15% higher odds of blood glucose level of > 140 mg/dl compared those who did not. Conclusions The results indicated increased blood glucose level among women post hysterectomy. Hence, the government of India should consider developing evidence-based policies and programming to provide effective targeted interventions for the better reproductive health of women.

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Prevalence and detecting spatial clustering of diabetes at the district level in India

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Spatial clustering of diabetes among reproductive age women and its spatial determinants at the district level in southern India

Increased blood glucose level following hysterectomy among reproductive women in India

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