Prevalence and Genotyping of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Questing<i>Ixodes ricinus</i>Ticks in a New Endemic Area in Western Switzerland

Lommano, Elena; Burri, Caroline; Maeder, G; Guerne, M.; Bastic, Viktoria; Patalas, E.; Gern, Lise

doi:10.1603/me11044

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Birds carrying TBEV infected ticks may contribute to the introduction of TBEV and thereby to the emergence of new TBE foci (Lommano et al 2012). Data from Sweden showed 0.5% TBEV prevalence in bird-feeding ticks removed from the tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), the common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), and the song thrush (T. philomeros) (Waldenstrom et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Feeding on Migratory Passerines in Western Part of Estonia

Geller

Nazarova

Katargina

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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During southward migration in the years [2006][2007][2008][2009] 178 migratory passerines of 24 bird species infested with ticks were captured at bird stations in Western Estonia. In total, 249 nymphal ticks were removed and analyzed individually for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The majority of ticks were collected from Acrocephalus (58%), Turdus (13%), Sylvia (8%), and Parus (6%) bird species. Tick-borne pathogens were detected in nymphs removed from Acrocephalus, Turdus, and Parus bird species. TBEV of the European subtype was detected in 1 I. ricinus nymph removed from A. palustris. B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA was found in 11 ticks (4.4%) collected from Turdus and Parus species. Birdassociated B. garinii and B. valaisiana were detected in I. ricinus nymphs removed from T. merula. Rodentassociated B. afzelii was detected in 3 I. ricinus nymphs from 2 P. major birds. One of the B. afzelii-positive nymphs was infected with a mix of 2 B. afzelii strains, whereas 1 of these strains was also detected in another nymph feeding on the same great tit. The sharing of the same B. afzelii strain by 2 nymphs indicates a possible transmission of B. afzelii by co-feeding on a bird. A. phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 1 I. ricinus nymph feeding on a T. iliacus. The results of the study confirm the possible role of migratory birds in the dispersal of ticks infected with tick-borne pathogens along the southward migration route via Estonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Feeding on Migratory Passerines in Western Part of Estonia

Geller

Nazarova

Katargina

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…ticks transmit a large number of human tick-borne disease (TBD) agents including Borrelia burgdoferri , Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Babesia microti , Powassan virus, tick-borne encephalitis, Omsk hemorrhagic fever and Louping hill (Ebel and Kramer, 2004; Yano et al, 2005; Michalski et al, 2006; Růžek et al, 2010; Burri et al, 2011; Anderson and Armstrong, 2012; Lommano et al, 2012; Subramanian et al, 2012; Vannier et al, 2012). The impact of Ixodes spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A blood meal-induced Ixodes scapularis tick saliva serpin inhibits trypsin and thrombin, and interferes with platelet aggregation and blood clotting

Ibelli

Kim

Hill

et al. 2014

International Journal for Parasitology

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Ixodes scapularis is a medically important tick species that transmits causative agents of important human tick-borne diseases including borreliosis, anaplasmosis and babesiosis. An understanding of how this tick feeds is needed prior to the development of novel methods to protect the human population against tick-borne disease infections. This study characterizes a blood meal-induced I. scapularis (Ixsc) tick saliva serine protease inhibitor (serpin (S)), in-house referred to as IxscS-1E1. The hypothesis that ticks use serpins to evade the host's defense response to tick feeding is based on the assumption that tick serpins inhibit functions of protease mediators of the host's anti-tick defense response. Thus, it is significant that consistent with hallmark characteristics of inhibitory serpins, Pichia pastoris-expressed recombinant IxscS-1E1 (rIxscS-1E1) can trap thrombin and trypsin in SDS- and heat-stable complexes, and reduce the activity of the two proteases in a dose-responsive manner. Additionally, rIxscS-1E1 also inhibited, but did not apparently form detectable complexes with, cathepsin G and factor Xa. Our data also show that rIxscS-1E1 may not inhibit chymotrypsin, kallikrein, chymase, plasmin, elastase and papain even at a much higher rIxscS-1E1 concentration. Native IxscS-1E1 potentially plays a role(s) in facilitating I. scapularis tick evasion of the host's hemostatic defense as revealed by the ability of rIxscS-1E1 to inhibit adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and thrombin-activated platelet aggregation, and delay activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) plasma clotting in a dose-responsive manner. We conclude that native IxscS-1E1 is part of the tick saliva protein complex that mediates its anti-hemostatic, and potentially inflammatory, functions by inhibiting the actions of thrombin, trypsin and other yet unknown trypsin-like proteases at the tick-host interface.

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“…One of the reasons for tick expansion into new territories is likely to be a change in climatic factors [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Tick-borne Diseases in the Population of the European North of Russia

Токаревич¹,

Stoyanova²,

Гнатив³

et al. 2017

Med Safe Glo Heal

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Objective: The uptrend in the incidence of Tick-borne Diseases (TBD) is a new challenge for public health in many countries, especially those in the Arctic zone. The objective of our study was to assess the TBD seroprevalence in the population of Komi Republic (KR) located in the northeast of European Russia. Materials and methods:Blood serum was sampled from 343 (183 men, 160 women) healthy donors aged 20-70 and tested with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results: IgG antibodies to TBD pathogens were detected in 66 (19.2%) samples: 47 (13.7%) samples contained antibodies to TBE virus, 18 (5.3%) those to Borrelia, and 5 (1.5%) those to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 4 samples contained antibodies to TBE mixed with those to another TBD. The results were compared with those of an earlier serological survey and showed a significant increase in the seroprevalence IgG antibodies to TBE (13.7 ± 1.9% in 2013, and 3.5 ± 0.75% in 2001, respectively). In the sera samples of occupationally-risk professionals the IgG antibodies to TBD were more common than in the rest of donors (36.2 ± 7.0% and 16.6 ± 2.2%; p<0.05), in men more common than in women (25.1 ± 3.2% and 12.5 ± 2.6%; p<0.01), and young men (20-34 years) were the most affected. Discussion:The situation in KR justifies the need for professional advancement of medical practitioners in TBD treatment, and revision of regional plans for anti-epidemic measures. Attention should be given to the effectiveness of health education, particularly among indigenous people who inhabit territory where tick bites are recorded. Conclusion:Significant growth of TBE seroprevalence evidences the increased risk of acquiring TBE by KR population, including the inhabitants of settlements where this infection was never reported previously.

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Prevalence and Genotyping of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in QuestingIxodes ricinusTicks in a New Endemic Area in Western Switzerland

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Feeding on Migratory Passerines in Western Part of Estonia

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Feeding on Migratory Passerines in Western Part of Estonia

A blood meal-induced Ixodes scapularis tick saliva serpin inhibits trypsin and thrombin, and interferes with platelet aggregation and blood clotting

Seroprevalence of Tick-borne Diseases in the Population of the European North of Russia

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