Prevalence and phylogenetic relationship of Clostridioides difficile strains in fresh poultry meat samples processed in different cutting plants

Heise, Janine; Witt, Pascal; Maneck, Corinna; Wichmann-Schauer, H.; Maurischat, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.109032

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…CA-CDI and C. difficile colonization of asymptomatic carriers may be associated with exposure to C. difficile from different sources in the community, such as domestic animals, which could be a possible source of infection for CA-CDI. Previous studies showed that both toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. difficile can be isolated from intestines of animals, such as piglets, cattle, and farmers, and be disseminated through direct contact, the food chain, and the environment [ 11 , 39 ]. In this study, 25% of farmers were colonized with C. difficile , which is consistent with the 25% intestinal colonization rate of Dutch pig farmers reported by Keessen et al [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multicenter survey showed ST3/RT001 was an epidemic strain in some European countries and ST35/RT046 was prevalent CDI strain in Sweden and Asia-Pacific region [ 15 , 41 , 42 ]. Studies focusing on multiple sources found that ST3/RT001 was prevalent in broiler manure and chicken, and ST35/RT046 was highly prevalent in piglets [ 11 , 15 , 43 ]. These studies suggest that C. difficile transmission between humans and animals may occur via the food chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing research focus on CA-CDI, researchers found that C. difficile can not only be recovered from gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals, but even from natural, healthcare, and domestic environments, as well as from food products, such as meat and vegetables [ 11 , 12 ]. As the spore form being metabolically inactive and resistant to heat, desiccation, and the alcohol-based solutions used for hand hygiene in hospital [ 13 ], C. difficil e can persist in diverse sources for a long time, which might be potential reservoirs of CDI strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genomic and transmission analysis of Clostridioides difficile between environmental, animal, and clinical sources in China

Zhou

Xiao

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Clostridioides difficile is the most common pathogen causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Previous studies showed that diverse sources, aside from C. difficile infection (CDI) patients, played a major role in C. difficile hospital transmission. This study aimed to investigate relationships and transmission potential of C. difficile strains from different sources. A prospective study was conducted both in the intensive care unit (ICU) and six livestock farms in China in 2018–2019. Ninety-eight strains from CDI patients (10 isolates), asymptomatic hospitalized carriers (55), the ICU environment (12), animals (14), soil (4), and farmers (3) were collected. Sequence type (ST) 3/ribotype (RT) 001, ST35/RT046, and ST48/RT596 were dominant types, distributed widely in multiple sources. Core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis showed that hospital and farm strains shared several common clonal groups (CGs, strains separated by ≤ 2 cgSNPs) (CG4/ST3/RT001, CG7/ST35/RT046, CG11/ST48/RT596). CDI patients, asymptomatic carriers, and the ICU environment strains also shared several common CGs. The number of virulence genes was not statistically different between strains from different sources. Multi-source strains in the same CG carried identical virulence gene sequences, including pathogenicity genes at the pathogenicity locus and adhesion-related genes at S-layer cassette. Resistance genes ( ermB , tetM , etc.) were widespread in multiple sources, and multi-source strains in the same CG had similar resistance phenotypes and carried consistent transposons and plasmid types. The study indicated that interspecies and cross-regional transmission of C. difficile occurs between animals, the environment, and humans. Community-associated strains from both farms and asymptomatic hospitalized carriers were important reservoirs of CDI in hospitals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genomic and transmission analysis of Clostridioides difficile between environmental, animal, and clinical sources in China

Zhou

Xiao

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…Some studies have also searched databases, or conducted limited field studies for newly emerging resistances that have been initially reported in animal production outside the EU, such as carbapenem and mcr ‐related transferable colistin ARGs (Bennani et al., 2020; Irrgang et al., 2020; Caffrey et al., 2021; Jochum et al., 2021; Ruiz‐Ripa et al., 2021). Less well‐researched or readily culturable organisms, such as C. difficile , may however also be relevant (Heise et al., 2021).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

117

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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“…Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, toxigenic, and obligate anaerobic bacterium with the capacity for spore development (1,2). Today, C. difficile is known as the leading cause of nosocomial infections (CDI), responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) in vulnerable and older adults (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridioides difficile in Non-hospital Sources (Animals, Food, and Environment) in Asian Countries: A Literature Review

Esfandiari

Amani

Khavari

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Context: Clostridioides difficile is an agent responsible for severe infection with a high mortality rate in healthcare facilities (CDI). With the discovery of C. difficile in the community, it was assumed that this bacterium might be transmitted to humans through non-hospital sources. Evidence Acquisition: This study examined different aspects of the epidemiology of C. difficile in Asian countries with a review of the literature using search engines such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results: Based on the literature pertaining to Asia, the highest rate of C. difficile is found in samples collected from farm animals, red meat, and meat-based products. Two ribotypes 027 and 078, as hypervirulent factors, were found in different non-hospital sources. Resistance to the most frequently used antibiotics in a healthcare setting was observed in C. difficile. Conclusions: Due to the heterogeneity of the examination of C. difficile, understanding the actual condition of C. difficile is difficult. However, the presence of two hypervirulent ribotypes of C. difficile in non-hospital sources is alarming. It seems that it is necessary to perform further studies on C. difficile in non-hospital sources. Defining a focal point for such research could be helpful to explore the situation of C. difficile in clinical settings and communities of Asian countries.

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Prevalence and phylogenetic relationship of Clostridioides difficile strains in fresh poultry meat samples processed in different cutting plants

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Comparative genomic and transmission analysis of Clostridioides difficile between environmental, animal, and clinical sources in China

Comparative genomic and transmission analysis of Clostridioides difficile between environmental, animal, and clinical sources in China

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Clostridioides difficile in Non-hospital Sources (Animals, Food, and Environment) in Asian Countries: A Literature Review

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