Prevalence and Risk Factors for Abuse among Saudi Females, KSA

A, Halawi Azhar Ahmed; A, Almalki Zahrah Abid; Alsadah, Ahmed; S, Aseeri Arwa Abdullah; H, Jabri Shagra Abdullah; Saeed, Alasmri Boshra; Abdulwahab, Alhawaj Fatimah; Abdulwahab, Alhawaj hanan

doi:10.12816/0038213

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Another study conducted among Omani women demonstrated that the prevalence of violence was 28.8% [ 18 ]. The present study results were nearly consistent with other studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, where the prevalence of IPV was 32% among women from 13 governorates in the kingdom [ 19 ] and 33.24% among women in the western region [ 8 ]. However, a much higher prevalence of IPV was reported in a study conducted among women in Central Ethiopia, where 77% and 62.4% of the participants showed that they have been exposed to IPV in their lifetime and the last one year, respectively [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Attending Different Primary Health Centers in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia

Abdel-Salam

ALruwaili

Osman

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background and Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious and widespread problem worldwide. IPV can seriously influence the physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health of women as well as the welfare of their children. In the Middle East, IPV is pervasive and widely acceptable. The present study was done to determine the prevalence and correlates of IPV among women attending different primary health centers in the Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 Saudi women attending different primary health centers in the Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. A structured anonymous questionnaire was distributed to the targeted population during a face-to-face interview. Data analysis was done using the SPSS program, version 24. Results: The present study showed that 30.3% of the participants had been exposed to IPV over the last year. Concerning the types of violence, the present study revealed that emotional violence is the highest followed by physical and then sexual violence representing 92.6%, 67.2%, and 44.3%, respectively. The significant predictors of IPV were women with one to three children (OR = 7.322, p-value = 0.006), women with four children or more (OR = 13.463, p-value = 0.006), and women married to husbands with aggressive behavior (OR = 98.703, p-value < 0.001). Not taking the approval on marriage was significantly associated with more exposure to violence (OR = 3.190, p-value = 0.042). In addition, husband smoking status was a significant predictor for IPV (OR = 2.774, p-value = 0.012). However, women married to alcoholic drinkers had a significantly lower risk for exposure to IPV (OR = 0.108, p-value = 0.040). On the other hand, women’s age, marital status, women’s educational level, monthly income in RS, perception of income sufficiency, marriage duration, the age difference between women and their husband, and drug abuse status of the husband were not significant predictors of IPV (p-value ≥ 0.05). Sociocultural effects were the most frequent reason for IPV as reported by the participants (57.4%). The most common consequences of IPV were psychological problems (75.4%) and injuries (42.6%). Women’s reactions to IPV were leaving home (32.8%) or no reaction (36.8%) to retain their marriage. Conclusions: IPV remains an important public health problem among married women in this study area. Urgent interventions including educational and screening programs for Saudi women are required to mitigate the problem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Attending Different Primary Health Centers in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia

Abdel-Salam

ALruwaili

Osman

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The current study estimated the prevalence of DV in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia, including Makkah, Jeddah, and Al-Taif 33.24%. The prevalence is similar to a study conducted in 2017, including 758 Saudi Arabian women from 13 governorates in Saudi Arabia, with a reported prevalence of 32% [17]. The reality, based on the current and previous studies, is that at least one-third of Saudi women is a victim of abuse.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The reality, based on the current and previous studies, is that at least one-third of Saudi women is a victim of abuse. The prevalence of DV in the National Guard population in the western region of Saudi Arabia is similar to the prevalence of DV conducted in the university hospital in the same area [17] meaning that the prevalence of DV could be consistent across different sectors regardless of the changing risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia, 2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Domestic violence (DV) is considered a public health issue in Saudi Arabia as well as a violation of a fundamental human right. DV causes many acute and chronic physical and mental health consequences. Cultural taboos and lack of awareness regarding the appropriate support services can increase the number of cases annually. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DV in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Clinics in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients attending five Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah from August 2017 to February 2018. A convenient sampling method was used. In total, 1845 participants were invited to complete a self-report validated Arabic version of the Norvold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DV. All women between 18 and 65 years who met the inclusion criteria were included. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package Social Sciences) version 24.0. Results: The lifetime prevalence of DV in the study sample was 33.24%, with psychological abuse the most prevalent (48.47%), followed by physical abuse (34.77%) and sexual abuse (16.75%). A small proportion (4.1%) suffered from all three types of abuse. Risk factors for being a victim of abuse include being single or divorced, having a postgraduate level of education, employed, and being financially independent of the husband. Conclusion: DV is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Modernization has shifted the risk factors, identifying the risk factors and victim characteristics would support the development and implementation of preventive and screening programs to facilitate the early identification of cases as well as the initiation of empowerment programs for Saudi women.

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“…53-6.29]. However, spouse risk factors included low education aOR 2.58 95% , unemployment aOR 5.62 95% ] and low-income aOR 2.85 95% ] (Ahmed et al 2017). The relationship between reporting domestic physical violence and spousal education level was found to be statistically significant by…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The epidemiology of domestic violence in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review

Kazzaz

Alameer

AlAhmari

et al. 2019

Int J Public Health

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Objectives The aim of this study is to review the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of domestic violence (DV) in Saudi Arabia. Methods Systematic review utilizing PRISMA guidelines conducted on articles focusing on research related to the epidemiology of domestic violence in Saudi Arabia between 2009 and 2017 were identified through electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) and supplemented by cross-referencing and local journal searches. Results Eleven studies were conducted in six cities (Riyadh, Jeddah, Madina, Taif, Arar, and Al-Ahsa). Several screening questionnaires were utilized; four studies used the WHO multi-country study questionnaire and found that the lifetime prevalence of DV ranged between 39.3 and 44.5%. The most frequently reported risk factors for DV were the level of education of both the victim and the spouse and alcohol or drug addiction of the spouse. Conclusions One in every three women in Saudi Arabia is a victim of domestic violence. Strategies to reduce risk factors, prevent DV, care for victims, and mitigate the effects of DV must be adopted by health care agencies in Saudi Arabia.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Abuse among Saudi Females, KSA

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Attending Different Primary Health Centers in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Attending Different Primary Health Centers in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia, 2018

The epidemiology of domestic violence in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review

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