Prevalence and risk factors of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh

Alam, Shahinul; Fahim, Shah Mohammad; Chowdhury, Muhammad Abdul Baker; Hassan, Md. Zakiul; Azam, Golam; Mustafa, Golam; Ahsan, M.; Ahmad, Nooruddin

doi:10.1002/jgh3.12044

Cited by 45 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The prevalence was 71·2% (64·1-77·4) in people with diabetes and 63·6% (59·4-67·5) in obese individuals (BMI ≥27·50 kg/m²). 218 By comparison, a rural study in Bangladesh showed that the overall prevalence of NAFLD was 18·4% (12·4-25·6). 219 The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and diabetes in Bangladesh has increased in the past three decades, thus increasing the NAFLD-related liver disease burden.…”

Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There have been substantial advances in research on liver diseases in Bangladesh and several epidemiological studies have been published in the past two decades. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62]149,150,[152][153][154][155][156][218][219][220]223,[406][407][408] Still, baseline data on incidence, prevalence, risk factors, natural history, and the changing epidemiology of various causes of liver diseases need to be generated. Studies are needed to develop cheap, accessible, point-of-care testing for HBV and HCV, and on preventive measures and new drug treatments for NAFLD.…”

Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

411

303

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The Asia-Pacific region is home to more than half of the global population and accounted for 62·6% of global deaths due to liver diseases in 2015. 54·3% of global deaths due to cirrhosis, 72·7% of global deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma, and more than two-thirds of the global burden of acute viral hepatitis occurred in this region in 2015. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused more than half of the deaths due to cirrhosis in the region, followed by alcohol consumption (20·8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 12·1%), and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV; 15·7%). In 2015, HBV accounted for about half the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the region. Preventive strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease include increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation. HBV vaccination programmes for neonates have been implemented by all countries, although birthdose coverage is extremely suboptimal in some. Availability of screening tests for blood and tissue, donor recall policies, and harm reduction strategies are in their initial stages in most countries. Many governments have put HBV and HCV drugs on their essential medicines lists and the availability of generic versions of these drugs has reduced costs. Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future. The increasing burden of alcohol-related liver diseases can be contained through government policies to limit consumption and promote less harmful patterns of alcohol use, which are in place in some countries but need to be enforced more strictly. Steps are needed to control obesity and NAFLD, including policies to promote healthy lifestyles and regulate the food industry. Inadequate infrastructure and insufficient health-care personnel trained in liver diseases are issues that also need to be addressed in the Asia-Pacific region. The policy response of most governments to liver diseases has thus far been inadequate and poorly funded. There must be a renewed focus on prevention, early detection, timely referral, and research into the best means to introduce and improve health interventions to reduce the burden of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. 168 www.thelancet.com/gastrohep Vol 5 February 2020The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission accounted for 108 276 (8·2%) of the total liver-related deaths in the region in 2015, compared with 929 (1·2%) of 72 437 in the USA and 4032 (0·3%) of 197 179 in Europe. Deaths in the Asia-Pacific region represented three-quarters of the global total number of deaths due to acute viral hepatitis. In 2015, the region accounted for three-quarters of the global total number of deaths related to acute HBV, almost two-thirds of those due to acute hepatitis A infection, and almost 80% of those due to acute hepatitis E infection. Of all deaths du...

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Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

411

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Being male is also a risk factor for NAFLD [26]. A number of studies have shown that the prevalence of NAFLD in males is higher than in females before the age of 50 [26,27,29]. Our study suggests that the prevalence of NAFLD in males is signi cantly higher than that in females in people younger than 60 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

The prevalence and risk factors on different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Shanghai

Huang

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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[Background and aims]NAFLD is a common chronic liver disease. The purpose of this study is to carry out a current large-scale epidemiological survey and analyse factors related to the incidence and the severity of NAFLD.[Methods]Three communities of Shanghai were selected by stratified random sampling in 2019.The residents older than 18 years old underwent medical history taking, physical examination, laboratory examination and liver ultrasonography examination. The prevalence of different degrees of NAFLD, the prevalence of metabolic factors, and factors associated with the severity of NAFLD was analysed. [Results]A total of 19250 subjects were enrolled. The total prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai was 45.55%, 62.00% in males and 27.54% in females. Age, FLI, BMI, WC, ALT, AST, AKP, GGT, CR, FPG, UA, TC, TG and LDL in NAFLD patients were higher than those in non-NAFLD people. The distribution of NAFLD prevalence was different in different age groups. The prevalence of diabetes, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in the NAFLD group were higher than that in the non-NAFLD group. In males, FLI, weight, WC, ALT, UA, TG, GGT and metabolic syndrome were positively correlated with the severity of NAFLD; while HDL was negatively correlated with it. In females, age, FLI, weight, WC, ALT, FPG, UA, TG, LDL, GGT, AKP and metabolic syndrome were positively correlated with the severity of NAFLD; while HDL was negatively correlated with it.[Conclusions]The prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai is high. The distribution of NAFLD prevalence was different in different age groups. Many factors are related to the incidence of NAFLD and the severity of NAFLD.

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“…43 According to the present study, higher income and higher educational levels were not risk factors for NAFLD. According to the two previous ndings, there was a statistically signi cant association of high-income level with NAFLD 5,38 and higher education with the NAFLD. 38 The diagnosis of the NAFLD mainly depended on the ultrasound scan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…According to the two previous ndings, there was a statistically signi cant association of high-income level with NAFLD 5,38 and higher education with the NAFLD. 38 The diagnosis of the NAFLD mainly depended on the ultrasound scan. The gold standard method to diagnose NAFLD was a liver biopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Risk Factors for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among the Patients Admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka: Case Control study

Nissanka¹,

Abeysena

2020

Preprint

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Background: The burden of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) was rising globally. It was the disease condition where there was increase fat deposition (≥5%) in the hepatic cells. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for NAFLD among the patients admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka.Methods: A case control study was conducted among the 106 cases with NAFLD and 212 unmatched hospital-based controls without having NAFLD. A case was defined based on the presence of fatty liver according to the diagnostic ultrasonographic criteria. Those were increase echogenicity of the liver compared to kidney and spleen, obliteration of vascular architecture, and deep attenuation of ultrasonic signals. There should be at least two out of three criteria to diagnosed as NAFLD. The data was collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The risk factors were determined by using multiple logistic regression and the results were interpreted by using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95 % confidence interval (95% CI).Results: The risk factors for NAFLD were found as the fast food consumption more than 1 time per week (AOR=9.34, 95% CI= 4.47-19.49), none consumption of coffee (AOR=2.78, 95% CI= 2.78-1.32), family history of liver disease (AOR=12.2, 95% CI= 2.16-67.97), methotrexate usage (AOR=32.02, 95% CI=1.45-707.29), inadequate physical activity (AOR=8.10, 95% CI= 4.04-16.26), high BMI value more ≥23Kg/m2 (AOR=6.17, 95% CI=2.93-12.99) Being a Sinhalese (AOR=12.7, 95% CI=2.03-79.33).Conclusion: There were seven independent risk factors for NAFLD were identified. Among those, most of the risk factors were modifiable risk factors such as inadequate physical activity, High BMI value (≥ 23Kg/m2) with overweight, infrequent coffee consumption, and increase fast-food consumption. It should be taken primary preventive strategies for those modifiable risk factors to prevent NAFLD.

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Prevalence and risk factors of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

The prevalence and risk factors on different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Shanghai

Risk Factors for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among the Patients Admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Sri Lanka: Case Control study

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