Prevalence Estimation, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Serotyping of Salmonella enterica Recovered from New World Non-Human Primates (Platyrrhini), Feed, and Environmental Surfaces from Wildlife Centers in Costa Rica

Rojas-Sánchez, Ernesto; Jiménez-Soto, Mauricio; Barquero-Calvo, Elías; Duarte-Martínez, Francisco; Mollenkopf, Dixie F.; Wittum, Thomas E.; Muñoz-Vargas, Lohendy

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12050844

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

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“…In cases of severe diarrhea, intravenous fluids may be necessary for rehydration ( Andrews et al ., 2017 ). Antibiotic therapy is required for systemic infections in animals and humans with septicaemia and should be based on the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate that is cultured ( Rojas-Sánchez et al ., 2023 ). Antibiotics are not advised for simple cases and should only be used if the infection has spread or is likely to spread from the gut to the bloodstream and other organs ( Zha et al ., 2019 ).…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling salmonellosis: A comprehensive exploration of risks factors, impacts, and solutions

Ayuti,

Khairullah,

Arif

et al. 2024

Open Vet J

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Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella species, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide with an estimated 93.8 million cases and about 155,00 fatalities. In both industrialized and developing nations, Salmonellosis has been reported to be one of the most prevalent foodborne zoonoses and is linked with arrays of illness syndromes such as acute and chronic enteritis, and septicaemia. The two major and most common Salmonella species implicated in both warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals are Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. To date, more than 2400 S. enterica serovars which affect both humans and animals have been identified. Salmonella is further classified into serotypes based on three primary antigenic determinants: somatic (O), flagella (H), and capsular (K). The capacity of nearly all Salmonella species to infect, multiply, and survive in human host cells with the aid of their pathogenic and virulence arsenals makes them deadly and important public health pathogens. Primarily, food-producing animals such as poultry, swine, cattle, and their products have been identified as important sources of salmonellosis. Additionally, raw fruits and vegetables are among other food types that have been linked to the spread of Salmonella spp. Based on the clinical manifestation of human salmonellosis, Salmonella strains can be categorized as either non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and typhoidal Salmonella. The detection of aseptically collected Salmonella in necropsies, environmental samples, feedstuffs, rectal swabs, and food products serves as the basis for diagnosis. In developing nations, typhoid fever due to Salmonella Typhi typically results in the death of 5% to 30% of those affected. The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated that there are between 16 and 17 million typhoid cases worldwide each year, with scaring 600,000 deaths as a result. The contagiousness of a Salmonella outbreak depends on the bacterial strain, serovar, growth environment, and host susceptibility. Risk factors for Salmonella infection include a variety of foods; for example, contaminated chicken, beef and pork. Globally, there is a growing incidence and emergence of life-threatening clinical cases, especially due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp, including strains exhibiting resistance to important antimicrobials such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and third generation cephalosporins. In extreme cases, especially in situations involving very difficult-to-treat strains, death usually results. The severity of the infections resulting from Salmonella pathogens is dependent on the serovar type, host susceptibility, the type of bacterial strains, and growth environment. This review therefore aims to detail the nomenclature, etiology, history, pathogenesis, reservoir, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, antimicrobial resistance, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of salmonellosis.

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Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling salmonellosis: A comprehensive exploration of risks factors, impacts, and solutions

Ayuti,

Khairullah,

Arif

et al. 2024

Open Vet J

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Phenotypic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Enterica Isolated From Wild Felids in Costa Rica Between 2021 and 2022

Rojas-Sanchez,

Munoz-Vargas,

Jimenez-Soto

2024

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Emergence and Comparative Genome Analysis of Salmonella Ohio Strains from Brown Rats, Poultry, and Swine in Hungary

Szmolka,

Lancz,

Rapcsák

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Rats are particularly important from an epidemiological point of view, because they are regarded as reservoirs for diverse zoonotic pathogens including enteric bacteria. This study is the first to report the emergence of Salmonella serovar Ohio in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and food-producing animals in Hungary. We first reveal the genomic diversity of the strains and their phylogenomic relationships in the context of the international collection of S. Ohio genomes. This pathogen was detected in 4.3% (4/92) of rats, captured from multiple sites in Hungary. A whole-genome-based genotype comparison of S. Ohio, Infantis, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium strains showed that 76.4% (117/153) of the virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were conserved among these serovars, and none of the genes were specific to S. Ohio. All S. Ohio strains lacked virulence and resistance plasmids. The cgMLST phylogenomic comparison highlighted a close genetic relationship between rat and poultry strains of S. Ohio from Hungary. These strains clustered together with the international S. Ohio genomes from aquatic environments. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the epidemiology of Salmonella spp. in brown rats and highlights the importance of monitoring to minimize the public health risk of rodent populations. However, further research is needed to understand the route of infection and evolution of this serovar.

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Prevalence Estimation, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Serotyping of Salmonella enterica Recovered from New World Non-Human Primates (Platyrrhini), Feed, and Environmental Surfaces from Wildlife Centers in Costa Rica

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Tackling salmonellosis: A comprehensive exploration of risks factors, impacts, and solutions

Tackling salmonellosis: A comprehensive exploration of risks factors, impacts, and solutions

Phenotypic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Enterica Isolated From Wild Felids in Costa Rica Between 2021 and 2022

Emergence and Comparative Genome Analysis of Salmonella Ohio Strains from Brown Rats, Poultry, and Swine in Hungary

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