Prevalence of Cryptococcus gattii causing meningitis in a tertiary neurocare center from south India: A pilot study

Nagarathna, S; Kumari, HB Veena; Arvind, N; Divyalakshmi, A; Chandramuki, A; Satishchandra, P; Ravi, V

doi:10.4103/0377-4929.72001

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A low prevalence of cryptococcosis by C. gattii was also reported from South Africa, where AIDS-related cryptococcosis due to C. neoformans is epidemic [82] . Similar findings have been reported from other countries of the African continent [79] – [81] , [84] , in Mexico [50] , [51] , Argentina [15] , [56] , [57] and Asia including China (without Hong Kong) [85] , [86] , India [93] – [95] and in Southeast Asia [96] – [99] but excluding Vietnam and Thailand ( Table S3 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Retrospective Study of the Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Colombia from 1997–2011

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii is endemic in various parts of the world, affecting mostly immunocompetent patients. A national surveillance study of cryptococcosis, including demographical, clinical and microbiological data, has been ongoing since 1997 in Colombia, to provide insights into the epidemiology of this mycosis.Methodology/Principal FindingsFrom 1,209 surveys analyzed between 1997–2011, 45 cases caused by C. gattii were reported (prevalence 3.7%; annual incidence 0.07 cases/million inhabitants/year). Norte de Santander had the highest incidence (0.81 cases/million/year), representing 33.3% of all cases. The male: female ratio was 3.3∶1. Mean age at diagnosis was 41±16 years. No specific risk factors were identified in 91.1% of patients. HIV infection was reported in 6.7% of patients, autoimmune disease and steroids use in 2.2%. Clinical features included headache (80.5%), nausea/vomiting (56.1%) and neurological derangements (48.8%). Chest radiographs were taken in 21 (46.7%) cases, with abnormal findings in 7 (33.3%). Cranial CT scans were obtained in 15 (33.3%) cases, with abnormalities detected in 10 (66.7%). Treatment was well documented in 30 cases, with most receiving amphotericin B. Direct sample examination was positive in 97.7% cases. Antigen detection was positive for all CSF specimens and for 75% of serum samples. C. gattii was recovered from CSF (93.3%) and respiratory specimens (6.6%). Serotype was determined in 42 isolates; 36 isolates were serotype B (85.7%), while 6 were C (14.3%). The breakdowns of molecular types were VGII (55.6%), VGIII (31.1%) and VGI (13.3%). Among 44 strains, 16 MLST sequence types (ST) were identified, 11 of them newly reported.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results of this passive surveillance study demonstrate that cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has a low prevalence in Colombia, with the exception of Norte de Santander. The predominance of molecular type VGII is of concern considering its association with high virulence and the potential to evolve into outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Retrospective Study of the Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Colombia from 1997–2011

et al. 2014

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“…reported five isolates of C. gattii from eucalyptus trees in Northern India, and traced the origin of these trees to Australia, thus validating spread of C. gattii infection in nonendemic areas [10]. Marriott et al recorded five cases of C. gattii meningitis among seven HIV patients with cryptococcal infection [11]. Few reports of C. gattii meningitis among immunocompetent population of India and other countries are tabulated (Table 1) [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India: A case report

Sivaranjini¹,

Sekar²,

Jyoti³

et al. 2015

IJCRI

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International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations.IJCRI publishes Review Articles, Case Series, Case Reports, Case in Images, Clinical Images and Letters to Editor. Website: www.ijcasereportsandimages.comCryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India:A case report Alagiri Sivaranjini, Sekar Uma, Kindo Anupma Jyoti, V. Shankar ABSTRACT Introduction: Cryptococcus species is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in the world today. The clinical differences between the two Cryptococcus species, namely, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii depends on the ecology, epidemiology, virulence of the strain and immune status of the host. Cryptococcus gattii is an environmental fungus of the tropics and subtropics but is now known to cause sporadic infections in non-endemic regions as well. Case Report: This paper reports a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a young, immunocompetent male, in South India, which is deemed a non-endemic region for Cryptococcus gattii infections. The patient presented with sub acute symptoms of headache and visual disturbances of two months duration. Cerebrospinal fluid was sent for investigation. Diagnosis was done by demonstration of capsule by microscopy, culture, detection of capsular antigen by latex agglutination and further confirmed by gene sequencing. In spite of intensive therapy, the disease progressed rapidly and the patient succumbed to the infection. Conclusion: Cryptococcus gattii, which was reported as a fungal pathogen of the endemics, is no longer considered as an accidental pathogen. Prompt detection and timely intervention is of utmost importance in treating this serious infection.

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Trends of CNS Cryptococcosis during Pre- and Post-HIV era: A 38 years’ retrospective cohort analysis from south India

Lahiri

Maji

Netravathi

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Mycology

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Prevalence of Cryptococcus gattii causing meningitis in a tertiary neurocare center from south India: A pilot study

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Retrospective Study of the Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Colombia from 1997–2011

Retrospective Study of the Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii Infections in Colombia from 1997–2011

Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a young adult in South India: A case report

Trends of CNS Cryptococcosis during Pre- and Post-HIV era: A 38 years’ retrospective cohort analysis from south India

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