Prevalence of Diabetes in Mexican Americans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans From the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982–1984

Flegal, Katherine M.; Ezzati, Trena; Harris, Maureen I.; Haynes, Suzanne; Juarez, Rumaldo Z.; Knowler, William C.; Pérez‐Stable, Eliseo J.; Mp, Stern

doi:10.2337/diacare.14.7.628

Cited by 256 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…Appropriate sampling weights were used so that the sum of the sample weights from the two groups (interview and FPG or OGTT subsample) added to the total U.S. population. For NHANES 1988 -1994, prevalences of normal glucose and undiagnosed diabetes (based on FPG or 2-h glucose), IFG, and IGT in the subsamples of people without diagnosed diabetes were each adjusted for the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes from the interviewed sample so that the sum of all diagnostic categories added to the total U.S. population (15). This difference in approach for NHANES 1988 -1994 was required because sampling weights provided for the FPG and OGTT subsamples for that survey did not account for some individuals having invalid or unknown fasting times or unknown plasma glucose values.…”

Section: Research Design and Methods -Nhanes 2005-2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006

et al. 2009

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OBJECTIVE -We examined the prevalences of diagnosed diabetes, and undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes using fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test values, in the U.S. during [2005][2006]. We then compared the prevalences of these conditions with those in 1988 -1994. , the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included a probability sample of 7,267 people aged Ն12 years. Participants were classified according to glycemic status by interview for diagnosed diabetes and by fasting and 2-h glucoses measured in subsamples. , the crude prevalence of total diabetes in people aged Ն20 years was 12.9%, of which ϳ40% was undiagnosed. In people aged Ն20 years, the crude prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.7% and of impaired glucose tolerance was 13.8%, with almost 30% having either. Over 40% of individuals had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Almost one-third of the elderly had diabetes, and three-quarters had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Compared with nonHispanic whites, age-and sex-standardized prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was approximately twice as high in non-Hispanic blacks (P Ͻ 0.0001) and Mexican Americans (P ϭ 0.0001), whereas undiagnosed diabetes was not higher. Crude prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in people aged Ն20 years rose from 5.1% in 1988 -1994 to 7.7% in 2005-2006 (P ϭ 0.0001); this was significant after accounting for differences in age and sex, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks. Prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes were generally stable, although the proportion of total diabetes that was undiagnosed decreased in Mexican Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS RESULTSCONCLUSIONS -Over 40% of people aged Ն20 years have hyperglycemic conditions, and prevalence is higher in minorities. Diagnosed diabetes has increased over time, but other conditions have been relatively stable.

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Section: Research Design and Methods -Nhanes 2005-2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006

et al. 2009

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“…Appropriate sampling weights were used so that the sum of the sample weights from the two groups added to the total U.S. population. For the NHANES 1988 -1994, prevalences of normal fasting glucose, undiagnosed diabetes, and IFG in the subsample of people without diagnosed diabetes were each adjusted for the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes from the interview sample, so that the sum of all diagnostic categories added to the total U.S. population (12). This difference in approach for NHANES 1988 -1994 was required because the plasma glucose subsample weights for that survey did not account for some individuals having invalid or unknown fasting times or unknown plasma glucose values.…”

Section: Research Design and Methods -The Nhanes 1999 -2002 Was Condumentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adults in the U.S. Population

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalences of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in U.S. adults during 1999 -2002, and compare prevalences to those in 1988 -1994. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) contains a probability sample of adults aged Ն20 years. In the NHANES 1999NHANES -2002,761 adults were classified on glycemic status using standard criteria, based on an interview for diagnosed diabetes and fasting plasma glucose measured in a subsample.RESULTS -The crude prevalence of total diabetes in 1999 -2002 was 9.3% (19.3 million, 2002 U.S. population), consisting of 6.5% diagnosed and 2.8% undiagnosed. An additional 26.0% had IFG, totaling 35.3% (73.3 million) with either diabetes or IFG. The prevalence of total diabetes rose with age, reaching 21.6% for those aged Ն65 years. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was twice as high in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites (both P Ͻ 0.00001), whereas the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was similar by race/ethnicity, adjusted for age and sex. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was similar by sex, but prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and IFG were significantly higher in men. The crude prevalence of diagnosed diabetes rose significantly from 5.1% in 1988 -1994 to 6.5% in 1999 -2002, but the crude prevalences were stable for undiagnosed diabetes (from 2.7 to 2.8%) and IFG (from 24.7 to 26.0%). Results were similar after adjustment for age and sex.CONCLUSIONS -Although the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes has increased significantly over the last decade, the prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and IFG have remained relatively stable. Minority groups remain disproportionately affected. Diabetes Care 29:1263-1268, 2006D iabetes and its complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. (1). The economic cost of diabetes in medical expenditures and lost productivity was estimated to be $132 billion in the U.S. in 2002 (2). Nationally the prevalence of self-reported diagnosed diabetes has steadily increased over time (3), but the extent to which this increase is due to enhanced detection is uncertain. Undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) also have important health consequences (4,5). Only one nationally representative survey, The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), examines both diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes. This survey showed that from 1988 to 1994, undiagnosed diabetes comprised approximately one-third of total diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed) in U.S. adults (6). The prevalence of IFG was nearly as high as the prevalence of total diabetes. In 1999, the NHANES became a continuous annual survey with data released every 2 years, and we reported the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and IFG in adults based on data from 1999 to 2000 (7). The limited sample size in these 2 years, however, restricted the detail a...

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“…Data strongly suggests that, compared to non-Hispanic whites, Latinos have an increased prevalence of vascular risk factors, such as diabetes. [15][16][17] There is conflicting evidence as to whether this increase results in a higher risk for stroke and other complications of diabetes and hypertension in Latinos. [15][16][18][19][20][21] It is unclear whether increased diabetes or possible differences in other vascular risk factors in Latinos may be associated with an increased prevalence in retinal emboli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associations of Asymptomatic Retinal Emboli in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES)

Hoki

Varma

Lai

et al. 2008

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose-To study the prevalence and associations of asymptomatic retinal emboli in a cohort of Latinos, and compare these findings to those of previous population studies. Design-Population-based cross-sectional studyMethods-All participants in this study underwent a comprehensive eye exam, including fundus photography. Photographs were graded by trained masked graders. Lifestyle factors and medical history were obtained during extensive interviews. Blood pressure, serum glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured. Age and gender-specific prevalence rates were calculated. Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated using stepwise logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factor associations with asymptomatic retinal emboli.Results-Photographs gradable for retinal emboli were obtained from 5959 participants. For all participants, the prevalence of definite asymptomatic retinal emboli was 0.4% (n=26). Stepwise logistic regression analyses identified smoking (>5 pack years) (OR=4.3) and history of coronary artery disease (OR=2.8) to be independently associated with retinal emboli (P<0.05).Conclusion-We found a lower prevalence of asymptomatic retinal emboli compared to previous population-based studies. This could be secondary to the LALES population being younger, having Correspondence and Reprint Requests to: Rohit Varma, MD, MPH, Doheny Eye Institute,

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Prevalence of Diabetes in Mexican Americans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans From the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982–1984

Cited by 256 publications

References 2 publications

Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006

Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006

Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adults in the U.S. Population

Prevalence and Associations of Asymptomatic Retinal Emboli in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES)

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