Prevalence of household drinking-water contamination and of acute diarrhoeal illness in a periurban community in Myanmar

Myint, Su Latt Tun; Myint, Thuzar; Aung, Wah Wah; Wai, Khin Thet

doi:10.4103/2224-3151.206623

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…19 From the neighboring country Myanmar, a study reported that at point of use 94% of the water samples contain feacal coliforms and the prevalence of ADD among children were 156/1000, less than our study. 25 As reported by many studies from developing countries our study also found that the relation between water quality at the source and WBD was lower than sanitation and treatment at point of use. 5,6,7,19 WHO criteria for safe water accessibility include improved water, equated it as safe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Water quality at the source and incidence of water borne diseases in rural households of South India

Thayyil

Rao

Cyriac

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: The relation of water quality indicators and water borne diseases (WBD) is not properly studied in tropical countries like India. Most of the studies done were cross sectional which reported only point prevalence. This tends to under-estimate and is not adequate to explain the relation. In this context to assess the incidence of water born diseases in relation to household drinking water quality, a longitudinal prospective study was conducted.Methods: The study was conducted in a South Indian state, in a rural area among the members of 300 households by weekly data collection for one year. Water samples were collected and analysis was done thrice corresponding to the climate. Bacterial quality indicators - Total coliform count (TCC), Faecal coliform count (FCC) and E. coli were estimated. The data were processed and analyzed.Results: From 300 households, total 1459 persons were enrolled. During the 12 months period, 72 episodes of WBDs were recorded with incidence rate of 49/1000 person years. Proportional morbidity due to WBD was 11.9%. The WBD reported were ADD, dysentery and hepatitis A. Up to 30% water sources contained E. coli in summer and winter samples and more than 60% in rainy samples. Faecal coliform count was >10 MPN/100 ml in all the seasons in more than 60% water sourcesConclusions: Most of the main water source wells were contaminated. Contamination was more in rainy season. Incidence of WBD has no correlation with water quality indicators in all the seasons (p≥0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Water quality at the source and incidence of water borne diseases in rural households of South India

Thayyil

Rao

Cyriac

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Consistent with our finding, the microbiological quality of drinking water in the Rift Valley area of Ethiopia has been reported as very poor (Amenu et al 2014 ). Furthermore, a study in Myanmar revealed that 94% of household-stored drinking water samples were contaminated with thermotolerant coliforms (Myint et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household-stored drinking water quality among households of under-five children with and without acute diarrhea in towns of Wegera District, in North Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Feleke

Medhin

Kloos

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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Contamination of drinking water in household water storage containers and inadequate water supplies are common public burdens in low- and middle-income countries, including towns in Wegera District, Ethiopia. Our study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water and identify factors associated with diarrhea in households with under-five (U5) children with and without diarrhea in Ambagiorgis and Gedebge towns in Wegera District. Stored drinking water samples from households with U5 children with and without diarrhea had fecal coliform (FC) counts of 59 (86.8%) and 55 (82.1%) (p > 0.05) and fecal streptococci (FS) counts of 29 (42.7%) and 24 (35.8%) (p > 0.05), respectively. The very high sanitary risk scores were 32 (47.1%) and 21 (31.3%) for FC (p > 0.05); 25 (36.8%) and 3 (4.5%) for FS (p < 0.001), respectively. Contamination of the stored drinking water samples with FS was significantly higher in households with diarrhetic U5 children in the low- and medium-risk ranges (p < 0.05). Water turbidity of 47 (69.1%) and 23 (34.3%) in households with U5 children with and without diarrhea, respectively, was above the permissible level (p < 0.001). The residual free chlorine (RFC) in all the household-stored drinking water samples was below the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible level and temperatures of all the household-stored drinking water samples were permissible. Promotion and advocacy of good stored drinking water handling practices are essential for decreasing the high risk of microbial contamination in both study areas. We recommend education interventions targeting personal hygiene and drinking water handling at the household level.

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“…[ 6 ] The indicator of improved drinking water is good (82.5%) and comparable to other studies as well. [ 7 ] However, the piped water connection was lesser as compared to the national figures. [ 8 ] Besides, due to better or improved drinking water sources, so there was a decreased burden of water-borne diseases, especially among children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting of the core indicators on drinking water and sanitation from urban slums of Jammu: A cross-sectional study

Sangra¹,

Choudhary

Narangyal

2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Introduction: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) play an important role in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with poor WASH practices. Poor knowledge and awareness lead to an increase in communicable diseases. Objective: To assess and report the core indicators on sanitation and drinking water from urban slums using standardized WHO and UNICEF questionnaires. Materials and Methodology: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months i.e., from September 2019 to October 2019 in urban slums of Trikuta Nagar, a field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu. Information was gathered from the head of the household as well as from other household members. About 50% of the population were selected randomly by lottery method i.e., 450 and consist of 112 households. However, at the time of the study, only 100 households were assessed because of the nonavailability of household members and some houses were locked at the time of the interview. Results: The study revealed that nearly 62% of families were of a joint type and most of the families were headed by male members. Around 82.5% of the slum members used water for drinking from improved source but only 21.5% of the household members used adequate water treatment method i.e., boiling. Besides, about 49.5% of the household members used improved sanitation facilities. Conclusion: Local administration needs to accelerate the process of supplying piped water connections to the underserved to improve their drinking water sources and also increase access to basic sanitation services at the household level.

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Prevalence of household drinking-water contamination and of acute diarrhoeal illness in a periurban community in Myanmar

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Water quality at the source and incidence of water borne diseases in rural households of South India

Water quality at the source and incidence of water borne diseases in rural households of South India

Household-stored drinking water quality among households of under-five children with and without acute diarrhea in towns of Wegera District, in North Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Reporting of the core indicators on drinking water and sanitation from urban slums of Jammu: A cross-sectional study

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