Prevalence of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection and rifampicin resistance among presumptive tuberculosis cases visiting tuberculosis clinic of Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Andarge, Degineh Belachew; Anticho, Tariku Lambiyo; Jara, Getamesay Mulatu; Ali, Musa Mohammed

doi:10.1177/20503121211045541

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In our study, the overall prevalence of MTB was 26.8%. In the current study, the prevalence of MTB was in line with previous reports from Hawasa 30.5%) [ 18 ], Debremarkos (23.1%) [ 19 ] and Nigeria, 22.9% [ 20 ]. However, our finding was lower than studies conducted in Congo, 79.1% [ 21 ] and Togo, 57% [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert among tuberculosis suspected patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Diriba

Churiso

2022

Eur J Med Res

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Even though many of the WHO recommended TB control strategies were implemented; there is still a major gap in TB case detection and treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among presumptive TB patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 TB suspected patients in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Laboratory examination was processed using Xpert-MTB/RIF assay. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Results Out of 384 study participants suspected with TB, M. tuberculosis was isolated from 103 giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%. Males (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.56–2.65, P = 0.01) were more likely to develop TB than females. Study participants who were illiterate (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.17–2.51, P = 0.014) were more likely to develop TB than the educated ones. Cigarette smokers (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.10–3.84, P = 0.01), khat chewers (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28–3.79, P = 0.01), vaccination (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.21–0.88, P = 0.02), close contact (AOR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24–4.50, P = 0.01) and being positive for HIV (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07–3.52, 0.01) were more likely to develop TB. Conclusion Despite implementation of national and international TB control strategies, TB still remains one of the major public health problems in the country especially in the study area. The high prevalence of MTB was reported different risk groups. Early case detection and management of TB should be given special attention to strengthen and an appropriate control and prevention methods to reduce the emergence and increasing of MTB cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert among tuberculosis suspected patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Diriba

Churiso

2022

Eur J Med Res

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“…The prevalence of RR-MTB in this study is comparable with other studies conducted in Nairobi, Kenya (30%) 32 and Ghana (31.4%). 33 However, this finding is higher than the national reports and previous studies reported from different parts of neighboring country, Ethiopia which ranges from 4.1% to 15.8% 5 , 27 – 31 and study reported by Gautam et al from India (26.1%). 34 A higher proportion of RR-MTB in this study setting could be attributed to weak TB prevention and control measures in Somalia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…This finding is lower than studies conducted in Ethiopia which ranges from 23.2% to 30.5%. 5,27,28 However, it is higher than studies from different parts of Ethiopia which reported 7.9% to 15.1%. [29][30][31] The possible reasons for the variations could be due to differences in the methods of detection of M. tuberculosis, geography, and TB control and prevention programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mogadishu, Somalia

et al. 2023

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Background: Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a growing public health problem in developing countries including Somalia. Although, the prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among new and retreated cases is high, data on GeneXpert- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin-resistant assay, which is a surrogate marker for multidrug resistance, is not well explored in Mogadishu. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its associated factors among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting tuberculosis centers in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in three tuberculosis treatment centers from March 12 to April 30, 2021. Laboratory professionals collected sputum sample consecutively from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis participants and performed a GeneXpert assay to determine the rifampicin resistance. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with rifampicin resistance using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: A total of 370 presumptive tuberculosis suspects were included; of whom 58.4% were females and the mean age of the participants was 44.3 ± 14 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 63 (17%) (95% confidence interval = 13.2–20.8) suspects. Of these the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 35% (95% confidence interval = 30.2–39.8). Anti-tuberculosis treatment history (adjusted odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.91–6.75), monthly income less than $100 USD (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.77–5.98) and being diagnosed with Asthma (adjusted odds ratio = 2.63; 95% confidence interval = 1.3–7.3) were significantly associated with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis is reported in these study settings. The strong association between multidrug resistance tuberculosis and patients’ retreatment history of tuberculosis, low income, and co-morbidity with asthma highlights the need for more efforts in tuberculosis treatment and monitoring programs to limit the emergence of multi-drug resistant strain in the study areas.

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“…Studies from other countries, on the other hand, reported a significantly higher detection rate of MTB, with centers in Nepal, Ethiopia, and Iraq reporting 23.6%, 30.5%, and 40%, respectively. [34][35][36] The preponderance of new presumed TB cases from the general population in the present study may account for the lower proportion of MTB cases compared to the report from Nepal, in which the denominator was comprised of high risk, secondary level screening of treatment failure cases, HIV-infected patients, and patients with radiographic evidence of TB who were all smear negative for the ZN acid-fast stain technique. [37] This study observed that the proportion of patients tested with Xpert MTB/RIF increased over the 4-year study period, as did the yield of MTB cases detected.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Trends of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in Southwest Nigeria: A 4-year retrospective study

Alao

Ibrahim

Ogunbosi

2022

JPATS

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Objectives: In recent years, there has been an increased uptake of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), with added benefits for detecting rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). We set out to determine the trends in notification of MTB and RR-TB over 4 years in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of single early morning sputum/gastric washing sample for presumed TB in a tertiary health center between January 2016 and December 2019. Xpert MTB/RIF was used to detect (MTB) and RR-TB. Results: The mean age of the 4625 presumptive TB patients was 43.4 (18.8) years, with the majority aged 31–45 (30.6%). Males totaled 2247 (49.6%). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection was found in 756 (16.7%) of them. Using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, the overall MTB notification was 12.9% (584/4526) and was associated with HIV status, P < 0.001. MTB notification trends increased from 5.6% in 2016 to 23.8% in 2019, P < 0.001. The overall yield of RR-TB was 7.5%. The proportion of RR-TB from TB cases declined from 28% in 2016 to 4.6% in 2019. Forty-two of the 44 cases of the RR-TB (42/572; 7.3%, [95% CI: 5.31, 9.75]) were new cases, with TB treatment failure and relapse cases accounting for 10.1% (2/11; 10.1%, [95% CI: 0.35, 42.5]) of all RR-TB cases (P < 0.01). RR-TB was associated with being older than 45 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.046, [95% CI: 1.046, 4.004]). HIV infection status and gender had no effect on RR-TB status. Conclusion: This study found an increase in MTB detection with Xpert MTB/RIF utilization. Ages >45 years have 2–4-fold increased risk of developing RR-TB and should be targeted for drug resistance prevention.

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Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and rifampicin resistance among presumptive tuberculosis cases visiting tuberculosis clinic of Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert among tuberculosis suspected patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert among tuberculosis suspected patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated factors among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mogadishu, Somalia

Trends of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in Southwest Nigeria: A 4-year retrospective study

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