Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies

Maulik, Pallab K.; Mascarenhas, Maya; Mathers, Colin; Dua, Tarun; Saxena, Shekhar

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018

Cited by 1,381 publications

(1,074 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Approximately 1.04% of the population is estimated to have intellectual disability 2. Challenges arise, however, in determining prevalence estimates for this population because they typically rely on persons known to specialist service providers and therefore may exclude a “hidden” population that does not engage with services, likely those with mild ID.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral disorder in people with an intellectual disability and epilepsy: A report of the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of ILAE

et al. 2016

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SummaryThe management and needs of people with intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy are well evidenced; less so, the comorbidity of behavioral disorder in this population. “Behavioral disorder” is defined as behaviors that are difficult or disruptive, including stereotypes, difficult or disruptive behavior, aggressive behavior toward other people, behaviors that lead to injury to self or others, and destruction of property. These have an important link to emotional disturbance. This report, produced by the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of the ILAE, aims to provide a brief review of some key areas of concern regarding behavioral disorder among this population and proposes a range of research and clinical practice recommendations generated by task force members. The areas covered in this report were identified by experts in the field as being of specific relevance to the broad epilepsy community when considering behavioral disorder in persons with epilepsy and ID; they are not intended to be exhaustive. The practice recommendations are based on the authors’ review of the limited research in this field combined with their experience supporting this population. These points are not graded but can be seen as expert opinion guiding future research and clinical practice.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral disorder in people with an intellectual disability and epilepsy: A report of the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of ILAE

et al. 2016

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“…Based on a review by Hatton (2012) using long-standing data prevalence is reported as around 3-4 per 1,000 for those with more severe ID and 3.7-5.9 per 1000 for milder ID. In a meta-analysis of prevalence rates from 52 studies (Maulik, Mascarenhas, Mathers, Dua, & Saxena, 2011) quote a higher general figure of 10.37/1000 and give a comprehensive review of factors affecting prevalence. The higher prevalence rate cited compared to the earlier studies reviewed by Hatton (2012) may be related to the increase of studies included from less economically wealthy regions and possibly wider inclusion criteria.…”

Section: Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (Aaidd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of intellectual disabilities on elite sports performance

Burns

2015

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) were re-introduced into the Paralympics in London 2012. As part of this development a classification system had to be established evidencing the impact this impairment has on elite sports performance. This review examines the research behind this issue.Firstly it examines the limited literature comparing the standards reached by top-level athletes with ID with those without disabilities, and then moves on to look at the research demonstrating differences in both the cognitive and physical skills needed for elite performance. The paper then reviews the factors which may be implicated to account for this disparity, from a range of perspectives. A case is made for the importance of looking at this area in terms of the potential for the transferability of research findings from this group to talent identification in mainstream athletes and the benefits of integrating neuropsychological concepts and approaches to understanding the cognitive components behind the development of particular skills associated with high level performance in specific sports. Keywords: Intellectual disabilities, Paralympics, elite performance, cognitive functioning ContextThe place of sport and exercise in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has attracted much research in recent years. Much of this has focused on sport and exercise as remedial or preventative activity to combat specific health issues such as obesity and poor physical health. Other research has looked more at the psychosocial impact of improving social networks (Hutzler & Korsensky, 2010) or psychological factors such as increasing self-esteem (Weiss, Diamond, Demark, & Lovald, 2003). However, leading up to and beyond the re-introduction of athletes with ID into the London Paralympics in 2012 there has been an increasing interest in the participation of these athletes in elite competition, and it is this work which will form the focus of this review. The ord Ol pi s a d people ith ID have a long association through the SpecialOlympics. The Special Olympics was originally set up in the US in the late 6 s with the aim to provide training and competition for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. These days it caters to 4.2 million people across the world and includes a programme of unified (disabled and nondisabled) sport. However, within the Special Olympics, although highly successful and bringing benefit to millions of people with ID and their families across the globe, the emphasis is more on participation, empowerment and opportunity than achieving elite performance (Specialolympics.org, 2015). This domain is the remit of another organisation, the International Federation for Para-athletes with Intellectual Disability (INAS). The vision of INAS is ….inspired y a elief that an intelle tual disa ility should not e a barrier to enjoying and being the best in sport. INAS ision is that athletes ith an intelle tualdisability across the World have the opportunity to achieve excellence in sport ...

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“…Intellectual disability (ID) affects 1–3% of the population and is more prevalent in males versus females 1. Although over 100 genes on the X chromosome were found to be associated with ID in males,2, 3 relatively less is known about X‐linked ID genes in females 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic expansion in DDX3X – a common cause of intellectual disability in females

Wang

Posey

Rosenfeld

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

118

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De novo variants in DDX3X account for 1–3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) cases and are amongst the most common causes of ID especially in females. Forty‐seven patients (44 females, 3 males) have been described. We identified 31 additional individuals carrying 29 unique DDX3X variants, including 30 postnatal individuals with complex clinical presentations of developmental delay or ID, and one fetus with abnormal ultrasound findings. Rare or novel phenotypes observed include respiratory problems, congenital heart disease, skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA depletion, and late‐onset neurologic decline. Our findings expand the spectrum of DNA variants and phenotypes associated with DDX3X disorders.

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Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies

Cited by 1,381 publications

References 36 publications

Behavioral disorder in people with an intellectual disability and epilepsy: A report of the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of ILAE

Behavioral disorder in people with an intellectual disability and epilepsy: A report of the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of ILAE

The impact of intellectual disabilities on elite sports performance

Phenotypic expansion in DDX3X – a common cause of intellectual disability in females

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