Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies

Abstract

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of health problems that set the stage for serious health conditions and places individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. The worldwide prevalence of MS in the adult population is on the rise and Bangladesh is no exception. According to some epidemiological study, MS is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and has increased dramatically in last few decades. To provide a clear picture of the current situation, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with an objective to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the Bangladeshi population using data already published in the scientific literature.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed and manually checked references of all identified relevant publications that described the prevalence of MS in Bangladesh. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence. Heterogeneity was explored using formal tests and subgroup analyses. Study quality and publication bias was also explored.ResultsElectronic and grey literature search retrieved 491 potentially relevant papers. After removing duplicates, reviewing titles and abstracts and screening full texts, 10 studies were finally selected. Most of the studies were conducted in rural populations and study participants were mostly females. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome regardless of gender and criteria used to define metabolic syndrome, was 30.0% with high heterogeneity observed. Weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in females (32%) compared to males (25%) though not statistically significant (p = 0.434). Prevalence was highest (37%) when Modified NCEP ATP III criteria was used to define MS, while it was lowest (20%) when WHO criteria was used. In most cases, geographical area (urban/rural) was identified as a source of heterogeneity between the studies. Most of the studies met study quality assessment criteria’s except adequate sample size criteria and evidence of small study effect was also detected.ConclusionsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and rising in Bangladesh. Strategies aimed at primary prevention are required to mitigate a further increase in the prevalence and for the reduction of the morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5209-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Health and well-being of male international migrants and non-migrants in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional follow-up study

“…Yet we observe a far more substantial attributable burden of overweight/obesity among international migrants, who have a 52% adjusted risk of being overweight or obese compared to just 23% among non-migrants and 38% among internal migrants. Given the secular trend towards rising metabolic risk in Bangladesh [45] and the high susceptibility to diabetes and cardiovascular disease among South Asian populations [46], these differences may point to serious health risk. This concern is further reinforced by the fact that international migrants were nearly twice as likely to experience stage 1 or higher hypertension as non-migrants, though we note that internal migrants had equally high hypertension burdens.…”

Predictors of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV in the Gedeo-Zone, Southern-Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

“…Following the global implementation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), there achieved the reduction of 30 million new infections and nearly 8 million Acquired Immune Disease Syndrome(AIDS) associated deaths [2,4], and increase in life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. However, apart from the success achieved, works of the literature disclosed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) has contributed to forming an aging people living longer with the treatment, and thus to be at risk of developing None-communicable disease (NCD) [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. With this reasons, the HIV infection environment nowadays represented as a typical illustration of the interaction between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [2,4,[11][12][13].…”

Habitual Tea Consumption and 5-year Incident Metabolic Syndrome Among Older Adults: A Community-based Cohort Study

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern associated with cardiovascular diseases, common cancers, increased mortality and great socieconomic burden, particularly in aged populations. The prevalence of MetS has increased over recent decades, reaching alarming rates worldwide [1,2]. In the year 2016, the World Health Organization estimated that one-fth of the world's adult population will develop MetS during their lifespan and the impacts on their wellbeing and the health systems is tremendous [3].…”