Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant<i>Escherichia coli</i>Isolated from Drinking Water Sources

Odonkor, Stephen T.; Addo, Kennedy Kwasi

doi:10.1155/2018/7204013

Cited by 109 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Multidrug-resistant E. coli has been detected in different ecological niches in the community and environment (8,9). For instance, ESBLs and New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) producing E. coli were detected in drinking water and retail meat, respectively (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples From a Forcibly Displaced, Densely Populated Community Setting in Bangladesh

Mahmud

Kabir

Ali

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Introduction: Community-acquired infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli are rising worldwide, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, especially where poor sanitation and inadequate hygienic practices are very common. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and ESBL-producing E. coli in drinking water samples collected from Rohingya camps, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 384 E. coli isolates were analyzed in this study, of which 203 were from household or point-of-use (POU) water samples, and 181 were from source water samples. The isolates were tested for virulence genes, ESBL-producing genes, antimicrobial susceptibility by VITEK 2 assay, plasmid profiling, and conjugal transfer of AMR genes. Results: Of the 384 E. coli isolates tested, 17% (66/384) were found to be ESBL producers. The abundance of ESBL-producers in source water contaminated with E. coli was observed to be 14% (27/181), whereas, 19% (39/203) ESBL producers was found in household POU water samples contaminated with E. coli. We detected 71% (47/66) ESBL-E. coli to be MDR. Among these 47 MDR isolates, 20 were resistant to three classes, and 27 were resistant to four different classes of antibiotics. Sixty-four percent (42/66) of the ESBL producing E. coli carried 1 to 7 plasmids ranging from 1 to 103 MDa. Only large plasmids with antibiotic resistance properties were found transferrable via conjugation. Moreover, around 7% (29/384) of E. coli isolates harbored at least one of 10 virulence factors belonging to different E. coli pathotypes. Mahmud et al. ESBL-Producing E. coli in Drinking Water Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the drinking water samples analyzed herein could serve as an important source for exposure and dissemination of MDR, ESBL-producing and pathogenic E. coli lineages, which therewith pose a health risk to the displaced Rohingya people residing in the densely populated camps of Bangladesh.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples From a Forcibly Displaced, Densely Populated Community Setting in Bangladesh

Mahmud

Kabir

Ali

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…In general, this study reports high levels of drug resistance. High levels of drug resistance are generally associated with human rather than environmental isolates (Abu et al 2020), with purely environmental strains often associated with lower levels of drug resistance in the absence of antimicrobial selective pressure (Li et al 2010;Chitanand et al 2010;Hatha et al 2015;Odonkor and Addo 2018). These results therefore indicate strongly that indeed the organisms isolated from these high touch surfaces are of human origin.…”

Section: Table 1 Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Occurrence For Tomentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessment of door handles as potential reservoirs of drug-resistant enterococci

2020

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Background Fomites have long been known to play a key role in the spread of disease causing agents. Hospital-associated fomites in particular have been linked with transmission of members of the Enterococci sp which are key human pathogens. Few studies have explored the role non-hospital door handles might play as potential sources of these isolates. This study therefore set out to explore this role. Results A total of hundred toilet and office door handles in a tertiary institution in Rivers State, Nigeria, were sampled using the swab and rinse method. The presence and drug susceptibility of Enterococcus was determined using the selective bile esculin agar (BEA) and standard microbiological methods. Growth on BEA was observed in 71% of cases, with more growth (38/50, 76%) observed from toilet door handles. Only 35% of samples produced the characteristic black pigmentation associated with Enterococcus sp. Six different bacterial groups were identified from this subset with Enterococcus sp. making up only 14% (5/35) of the isolates. All (100%) Enterococci were isolated from toilet door handles. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed very high levels of resistance (80–100%) against 75% of the test antibiotics. An analysis of the antibiotic resistance pattern of each isolate revealed 11 unique antibiogram patterns. Only 2 of these patterns were associated with the enterococci, with majority (4/5) exhibiting resistance to Augmentin (AUG), Ceftazidime (CAZ), Ceftriaxone (CTR), Cefuroxime (CRX), Cloxacillin (CXC), Erythromycin (ERY), Gentamicin (GEN), Ofloxacin (OFL) (antibiogram of AUG–CAZ–CRX–CTR–CXC–ERY). None of the enterococci, however, was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion This study reports low level contamination of door handles by enterococci. Identical antibiogram patterns linked with majority of the enterococci could however point at the occurrence of a single clone perhaps indicating single source contamination. Reports of high levels of ampicillin resistance among these isolates are problematic as ampicillin–gentamicin combination is the treatment of choice for nosocomial enterococci pathogens.

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“…with low level of ciprofloxacin. There may be low use of ciprofloxacin from the human activities in that area [16].…”

Section: Antibiotic Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from Rivers in Terengganu, Malaysia

Hassan

Yern

Zain

2020

International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology

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Infectious disease cause by antibiotic resistant bacteria has been more difficult to treat because the ability of these bacteria to avoid the effect of antibiotic medication. Nowadays, water environment especially river has become the reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria due to antibiotic contamination derived from human activities. The exposure to antibiotic resistance bacteria in water increase the health risks associated with the waterborne bacteria in animals and humans. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from two rivers; Ibai River and Terengganu River in Terengganu. A total of 24 bacterial strains were isolated from both rivers. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria isolates was assayed according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using six types of antibiotics such as ampicillin, rifampicin, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The results of this study indicate that 100% of bacterial strains were resistant to at least two antibiotics tested. The multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index of these bacteria was calculated and 23 bacterial strains show MAR index of more than 20%. Among the 23 isolates, a total of 10 bacterial strains (2A, 2B, 2C, 2I, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4C, 4D and 4E) were successfully identified as Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterobacter tabaci, Bacillus wiedmannii, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae, Chromobacterium aquaticum, Cupriavidus metallidurans, Weeksella massiliensis, Cupriavidus necator and Acinetobacter nosocomialis. The results from this study show that both of the rivers are exposed to high level of antibiotics compound which may lead the bacteria to develop mechanism of antibiotic resistant. This may cause a serious threat to the public health and environment.

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Prevalence of Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliIsolated from Drinking Water Sources

Cited by 109 publications

References 34 publications

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples From a Forcibly Displaced, Densely Populated Community Setting in Bangladesh

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples From a Forcibly Displaced, Densely Populated Community Setting in Bangladesh

Assessment of door handles as potential reservoirs of drug-resistant enterococci

Isolation of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from Rivers in Terengganu, Malaysia

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