Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mirmosayyeb, Omid; Shaygannejad, Vahid; Bagherieh, Sara; Hosseinabadi, Ali Mahdi; Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa

doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05750-w

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Among the Middle East countries, the prevalence of MS in the Iranian population is high [ 3 ]. A recent meta-analysis in Iran reported the pooled prevalence of MS to be 100 in 100,000 [ 4 ]. MS patients usually appear between the ages of 20 to 40 years, with women outnumbering males at a 2:1 ratio [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIND Diet Adherence Might be Associated with a Reduced Odds of Multiple Sclerosis: Results from a Case–Control Study

et al. 2022

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Introduction:The Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to the Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet has been shown to have beneficial neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the link between the MIND diet adherence and multiple sclerosis (MS), a degenerative neurological illness. Methods: In a hospital-based case-control setting, 77 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 148 healthy individuals were recruited. A validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants' dietary intakes and the MIND diet score. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between MIND diet adherence and MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIND Diet Adherence Might be Associated with a Reduced Odds of Multiple Sclerosis: Results from a Case–Control Study

et al. 2022

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“…It is the means to the perception of smell, recognizing imminent dangers, and even storing memories and emotions [ 1 ]. The exact mechanism by which olfaction is mediated is still not completely clear to this date, so far, it has been revealed that an interaction between odor receptors and odor molecules initiate the process, leading to the production of olfactory signals which travel through the olfactory nerves to the Central Nervous System (CNS) [ 2 ]. This path is then followed by the storage of the smell as memories within the CNS for faster, more appropriate, and more reliable reactions in case of future encounters [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MS is a lifelong condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, leading to a wide range of symptoms, including problems with vision, motor control, cognitive abilities, balance, and sensation. Olfaction is also affected in MS and olfaction impairment renders a lower quality of life in MS patients as olfaction ability is in direct contact with patients’ physical, behavioral, and cognitive state [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Olfaction is shown to be prone to impairment in three main aspects, including threshold, discrimination, and identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background The importance and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction is recently gaining attention in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a result of their chronic inflammatory disease, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model and a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Results The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. Two conference abstracts were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group, and the level of Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively. Conclusion The results of this systematic review show that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.

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“…Epidemiological and pharmacovigilance data suggested a higher risk of developing COVID-19 in MS patients on these agents [ 8 , 9 , 13 ]. However, some studies found no association between anti-CD20 medications and risk of the infection [ 14 , 16 , 53 ]. The suggested reasons for increased risk of acquiring infection in these agents are similar with those mentioned for increased risk of developing severe COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Disease-Modifying Therapies with COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Barzegar

Houshi

Sadeghi

et al. 2022

Multiple Sclerosis International

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Background. We conducted this study to assess the effect of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods. Available studies from PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and gray literature, including reference lists and conference abstracts, were searched from December 1, 2019, to July 26, 2021. We included cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies assessing the association of DMTs with risk of contracting COVID-19 or its outcomes in MS patients on univariate or multivariate regression analyses. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the risk of COVID-19 and developing severe infection across DMTs. Results. Out of the initial 3893 records and 1883 conference abstracts, a total of 10 studies were included. Pairwise comparisons showed that none of the DMTs meaningfully affect the risk of acquiring infection. There was significant total heterogeneity and inconsistency across this NMA. In comparison with no DMT, dimethyl fumarate (0.62 (0.42, 0.93)), fingolimod (0.55 (0.32, 0.94)), natalizumab (0.50 (0.31, 0.81)), and interferon (0.42 (0.22, 0.79)) were associated with a decreased risk of severe COVID-19; but, rituximab was observed to increase the risk (1.94 (1.20, 3.12)). Compared to rituximab or ocrelizumab, all DMTs were associated with a decreased risk. Pairwise comparisons showed no differences across other DMTs. Interferon and rituximab were associated with the lowest and highest risks of severe COVID-19. Conclusion. Our study showed an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in patients on rituximab and ocrelizumab. No association with COVID-19 severity across other DMTs was observed.

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Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

MIND Diet Adherence Might be Associated with a Reduced Odds of Multiple Sclerosis: Results from a Case–Control Study

MIND Diet Adherence Might be Associated with a Reduced Odds of Multiple Sclerosis: Results from a Case–Control Study

Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of Disease-Modifying Therapies with COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

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