Prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in Shiraz, Iran

Yekta, Abbasali; Fotouhi, Akbar; Hashemi, Hassan; Dehghani, Cirous; Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi; Heravian, Javad; Derakhshan, Ali; Yekta, R; Behnia, Mehdi; Khabazkhoob, Mehdi

doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02247.x

Cited by 77 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The prevalence of astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, has been reported in numerous studies worldwide 12345. Similar to myopia, astigmatism is influenced by genetic and ethnic actors and its prevalence has been reported from 30% among old people in Myanmar to 77% in Indonesia 6789.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Astigmatism is the most common refractive error in certain countries such as Indonesia,6 Taiwan,8 and Japan,9 and approximately half of the people in these areas suffer from astigmatism. Age, gender, genetics, and even environmental factors have been shown to affect astigmatism in different studies 1579101112131415161718. Astigmatism has some major differences compared to myopia and hyperopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Iran, some studies have reported the prevalence of astigmatism along with myopia and hyperopia 1251022. Only two studies have reported the prevalence of astigmatism without myopia and hyperopia in Tehran and Shahroud 1116.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in a rural population of Iran: The "Nooravaran Salamat" mobile eye clinic experience

Hashemi

Rezvan

Yekta

et al. 2014

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

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Purpose:The prevalence of astigmatism, and the astigmatic axis, and their determinants were evaluated in a rural population of Iran.Materials and Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2011, 13 villages in the vicinity of the city of Khaf in northeast Iran were investigated in this study. All the examinations including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy were performed in a Mobile Eye Clinic. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Only phakic eye that could be reliably refracted without a previous history of ocular surgery were included.Results:Out of 2635 participants who were screened, 2124 were analysed for this study of whom 52% were female. The prevalence of astigmatism was 32.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 30.2-34.2). Astigmatism significantly increased from 14.3% in the under 15-year-old age group to 67.2% in the age group of over 65-years old (P < 0.001). The prevalence of With-The-Rule (WTR), Against-The-Rule (ATR), and oblique astigmatism was 11.7%, 18.1%, and 2.4 %, respectively. ATR significantly increased with age (P < 0.001). The mean corneal astigmatism was 0.73 D which linearly increased with age (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Attention must be paid to astigmatism in rural areas due to the high prevalence. Further studies are suggested to discover the role of the environmental and genetic factors. It seems that environmental and occupational factors in the villages cause a significant increase in the prevalence of astigmatism with age. A high percentage of participants had ATR astigmatism, which was more common at older ages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in a rural population of Iran: The "Nooravaran Salamat" mobile eye clinic experience

Hashemi

Rezvan

Yekta

et al. 2014

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

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“…As refractive errors are the major causes of mild to moderate visual impairment in patients, knowledge about the prevalence of refractive error would be of great help in planning public health strategies (4). Some studies indicated that in children the prevalence of hyperopia decreased and that of myopia significantly increased (P < 0.001) by getting older (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In contrast with the increment of myopia with age, some studies reported that the reduction of myopia and increment of hyperopia with aging (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Errors in School-age Children in Qazvin, Iran

Khalaj¹,

Amiri²,

Zeidi³

et al. 2014

Biotech Health Sci

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Background:Refractive error remains one of the primary causes of visual impairment among school children all over the world, and its prevalence varies widely. Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in school children aged 7 to 18 years in Qazvin, Iran. Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 11821 students (aged 7 to 18 years) were recruited from different schools. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between +0.25 and -0.25 D sphere. A -0.50 D or greater spherical considered as myopia, -6.00 D or more as high myopia, and +0.50 D or more as hyperopia, and a cylinder refraction greater than 0.75 D was defined as astigmatism. Visual acuity and refraction of all students were tested. Anterior and posterior segment examination and ocular motility evaluation were also performed to rule out the pathological causes of visual impairments. Results:The study was performed on 5641 (47.72%) male and 6180 (52.28%) female students. The prevalence of myopia (from 32.96% at the age of 7 to 79.02% at the age of 18 years) significantly increased (P < 0.001), and hyperopia significantly decreased (from 47.07% in 7-year-old individuals to 8.32% in 18-year-old subjects) with age (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in refractive errors between males and females. Hyperopia and myopia was more common among female in comparison to males (P < 0.001). Astigmatism greater than 0.75 D in one or both eyes was found in 990 children (8.37%). Astigmatism increased from 6.04% in 7-year-old students to 9.86% in 15-year-oldstudents e and then no more difference was found in age group ranged from 15 to 18 years. Conclusions: Based on our study, the prevalence of myopia is more than other types of refractive error, which is similar to that reported in previous studies on other school-age populations in some Asian countries. The high prevalence of refractive error among school-age children indicated that untreated refractive error is one of the most common public health problems.

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“…Based on previous studies, hyperopia is more common than myopia among Iranians. [10][11][12][13] Current study showed that only 42.3% out of all error of refraction cases are wearing correctable glasses which is much higher than another study [14] which stated that there was no awareness among the students and parents regarding the consequences of uncorrected vision problems. This statement has been proved, when we observe the number of students wore glasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Visual Impairment Screening and Early Interventions among Schooling Kids in Dubai Dubai-UAE-2016

W¹

2017

IJPN

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Prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in Shiraz, Iran

Abstract: Compared with other reported rates, the prevalence of myopia in the schoolchildren of Shiraz is similar to that in most places excluding East Asian countries, and that of hyperopia is in the mid range.

Cited by 77 publications

References 25 publications

The prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in a rural population of Iran: The "Nooravaran Salamat" mobile eye clinic experience

The prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in a rural population of Iran: The "Nooravaran Salamat" mobile eye clinic experience

Refractive Errors in School-age Children in Qazvin, Iran

Visual Impairment Screening and Early Interventions among Schooling Kids in Dubai Dubai-UAE-2016

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