Prevalence of Refractive Errors and its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

Abuallut, Ismail; Alhulaibi, Aeshah A; Alyamani, Atheer A; Almalki, Norah M; Alrajhi, Alwaleed A.; Alharbi, Ali H.; Mahfouz, Mohamed Salih

doi:10.4103/meajo.meajo_240_20

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Zeiss IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, zeiss.com) is an ocular biometer that is widely used in research and clinical practice, with reportedly high repeatability and reliability in children 12 and adults, 13 and good inter-instrument agreement with ocular biometers that measure AL and CR based on the same 14 and different optical principles. [13][14][15][16] The Huvitz Auto Ref/ Keratometer (HRK-8000A, Huvitz Co. Ltd., huvitz.com) is widely used for autorefraction [17][18][19] with reportedly high repeatability. 20 The aim of this study was to assess the LoA between the Myopia Master and the IOLMaster 700 for measurements of CR and AL, and between the Myopia Master and the HRK-8000A for measurements of cycloplegic refractive errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Zeiss IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, http://zeiss.com) is an ocular biometer that is widely used in research and clinical practice, with reportedly high repeatability and reliability in children 12 and adults, 13 and good inter‐instrument agreement with ocular biometers that measure AL and CR based on the same 14 and different optical principles 13–16 . The Huvitz Auto Ref/Keratometer (HRK‐8000A, Huvitz Co. Ltd., http://huvitz.com) is widely used for autorefraction 17–19 with reportedly high repeatability 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing ocular biometry and autorefraction measurements from the Myopia Master with the IOLMaster 700 and the Huvitz HRK‐8000A autorefractor

Pedersen

Svarverud

Hagen

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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To compare axial length (AL) and corneal radius (CR) measured with the Oculus Myopia Master and the Zeiss IOLMaster 700, and cycloplegic refractive error measured with the Myopia Master and the Huvitz Auto Ref/Keratometer (HRK-8000A). Methods: The study included both eyes of 74 participants (16 male), with a mean (SD) age of 22.8 (3.7) years. The parameters indicated were measured under cycloplegia with these instruments: Myopia Master (AL, CR and refractive error), IOLMaster 700 (AL and CR) and HRK-8000A (refractive error and CR). Bland-Altman plots with mixed effects 95% limits of agreement (LoA) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the agreement in ocular biometry between the Myopia Master and the IOLMaster 700, and for refractive error between the Myopia Master and the HRK-8000A. Results: The analysis included 139 eyes, of which 52 were myopic (spherical equivalent refractive error, SER ≤ −0.50 D), 32 emmetropic and 55 hyperopic (SER ≥ 0.50 D). The 95% LoA for AL between the Myopia Master and IOLMaster 700 was −0.097 to 0.089 mm. There was no mean difference in AL [mean (SD) = −0.004 (0.047) mm, p = 0.34]. There was a significant difference in mean CR, with that measured with the Myopia Master being flatter than that found with the IOLMaster 700 [0.035 (0.028) mm, p < 0.001]. The 95% LoA for CR was −0.02 to 0.09 mm. Compared with HRK-8000A, the Myopia Master measured a significantly more negative SER [−0.19 (0.33) D, p < 0.001], with 95% LoA of −0.86 to 0.46 D. Conclusion:The LoA for measurements of SER, CR and AL when comparing the Myopia Master with the HRK-8000A and the IOLMaster 700 were wider than deemed acceptable for making direct comparisons. This indicates that the instruments cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice or research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing ocular biometry and autorefraction measurements from the Myopia Master with the IOLMaster 700 and the Huvitz HRK‐8000A autorefractor

Pedersen

Svarverud

Hagen

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Several studies have reported the prevalence of RE in the Middle East, [15][16][17] however, the population of these studies was mainly young (infants or university students) or older individuals aged 60 years or above. Notably, our study included middle-aged adults aged 40 years or older in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Refractive Errors and Effective Spectacle Coverage in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis Aged 40 Years or Older: the Dubai Eye Health Survey

Rabiu

Taryam

AlBanna

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: The aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors (REs) and the effective spectacle coverage in Emiratis and non-Emiratis in Dubai. Design: The Dubai Eye Health Survey was a population-based crosssectional study of participants aged 40 years or older. Methods: Distance and near visual acuity (VA), and noncycloplegic automated refraction were tested according to a standardized protocol. Distance VA was tested using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart at 3 m and near VA was measured using the near vision logMAR chart at 40 cm under ambient lighting. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of refraction of less than -0.50 diopters (D), and hypermetropia as spherical equivalent of more than +0.50 D. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power of 0.5 D or greater. Effective spectacle coverage for distance vision was computed as met need/(met need+unmet need+under-met need)×100%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and RE. Results:The authors included 892 participants (446 Emiratis and 446 non-Emiratis) in the analysis. The prevalence of hypermetropia was 20.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.8%-24.4%] in Emiratis and 20.6% (95% CI: 20.0%-24.7%) in non-Emiratis. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 27.4% (95% CI: 23.3%-31.7%) and 1.8% (95% CI: 0.8%-3.5%) in Emiratis, and 19.5% (95% CI: 15.9%-23.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.3%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. High education (P = 0.02) and not currently working (P = 0.002) were risk factors of myopia in non-Emiratis only. The prevalence of astigmatism was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.1%-10.2%) in Emiratis and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.6%-3.2%) in non-Emiratis. This prevalence was higher in individuals aged over 60 years (P < 0.001) and men (P = 0.014) among Emiratis. The prevalence of anisometropia and uncorrected presbyopia was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.6%-14.8%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.1%-2.0%) in Emiratis, and 9.2% (95% CI: 6.7%-12.3%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.05%-1.6%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. The effective spectacle coverage was 62.3% (95% CI: 54.0%-70.6%) and 69% (95% CI: 60.5%-77.5%) in Emiratis and non-Emiratis, respectively. Conclusions: A high proportion of Emiratis and non-Emiratis was affected by RE without optimal effective spectacle coverage, highlighting the imperativeness of intervention to alleviate the burden. The findings may help facilitate evidence-based policymaking concerning the delivery of eye care services and allocation of medical resources in Dubai.

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“…Although myopia progression in medical students has been suggested for a long time [ 29 ], the amount of studies is severely limited. Moreover, the grand majority of this research was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. In Argentina, the pandemic has had an impact on myopia progression in newly developed myopia cases [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incidence and Severity of Myopia in the Population of Medical Students and Its Dependence on Various Demographic Factors and Vision Hygiene Habits

Oszczędłowski

Raczkiewicz

Więsyk

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment. Visual work and usage of electronic devices are known risk factors of myopia. Many education systems were forced to apply online and hybrid teaching methods, to reduce the number of new cases of COVID-19. Medical students are a population well-known for intense visual work in the form of learning; (2) Methods: Visual acuity and refractive error were measured in the population of medical students. Participants also filled out the survey that included their population characteristic and their habits related to the hygiene of vision; (3) Results: We found a correlation between the age of the first diagnosis of myopia and current values of refractive error. The majority of participants believe that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the health of their vision. Among methods of studying, usage of the computer screen was less preferred by myopic students; (4) Conclusions: In the population of medical school students in Eastern Poland, visual acuity was lower than 1.0 in 232 (52.97%) in the right eye and 234 (53.42%) in the left eye. Early recognition of refractive error has influenced its current values. Among methods of studying, usage of the computer screen was less preferred by myopic students. More population-based studies should focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of vision.

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Prevalence of Refractive Errors and its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Comparing ocular biometry and autorefraction measurements from the Myopia Master with the IOLMaster 700 and the Huvitz HRK‐8000A autorefractor

Comparing ocular biometry and autorefraction measurements from the Myopia Master with the IOLMaster 700 and the Huvitz HRK‐8000A autorefractor

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Refractive Errors and Effective Spectacle Coverage in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis Aged 40 Years or Older: the Dubai Eye Health Survey

The Incidence and Severity of Myopia in the Population of Medical Students and Its Dependence on Various Demographic Factors and Vision Hygiene Habits

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