Prevalence of Refractive Errors in the INK Area, Durban, South Africa

Mashige, Khathutshelo Percy; Jaggernath, Jyotikumarie; Ramson, Prasidh; Martin, Carrin; Chinanayi, Farai; Naidoo, Kovin

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000771

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is unlike the present study where the prevalence of hypermetropia was higher than the prevalence of myopia. Similar findings were reported from South Africa where it was observed that the prevalence of myopia was higher in males while prevalence of hypermetropia was higher in females [11]. In the present survey, the ratio of women to men among those examined is 1.43:1 and this could be responsible for the higher prevalence of hypermetropia.…”

Section: Spectacle Coveragesupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and types of refractive errors, and spectacle coverage in Sri Lankan adults: The Sri Lanka National survey of blindness and visual impairment

et al. 2018

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Introduction Uncorrected refractive errors are the commonest cause of visual impairment globally. Despite this, the proportion of affected individuals who wear spectacles can be low, particularly in low and middle-income countries. No data were available for Sri Lanka. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of refractive errors and investigate their risk factors among adults aged 40 years and above. Another purpose was to calculate spectacle coverage and identify subgroups with low coverage. Methods Cluster random sampling was used to obtain a nationally representative sample. Presenting distance visual acuity was measured using a logMAR chart, with distance spectacle correction if usually worn. All underwent autorefraction and an optician measured best-corrected visual acuity after subjective refraction. Participants who had undergone cataract surgery were excluded. Spectacle coverage was assessed amongst participants with a visual acuity of <6/12 in the better eye due to refractive error who attended the examination site with spectacles. Results 5,779/6,713 (86.1%) enumerated adults were examined; 5,179 had refraction data. 67% had a refractive error: hyperopia 49.6%; myopia 17.4%. Refractive errors increased with age. Being aged 60 years and above and Sinhala ethnic group were independent risk factors. Spectacle coverage was 17.7% overall, being lower in females and the non

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Section: Spectacle Coveragesupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and types of refractive errors, and spectacle coverage in Sri Lankan adults: The Sri Lanka National survey of blindness and visual impairment

et al. 2018

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“…Astigmatism was common among clinic participants, with 18% of all participants having astigmatism of -1.50 D or worse (Table 7.). The prevalence by age group agrees with previously reported data 16,17,28,30 and overall prevalence is similar to that reported by Gomez-Salazar et al 16 in Baja California. This may be compared to a prevalence of astigmatism of 23% in all those aged 20-39 in the US and 20% of Mexican Americans in the same age group.…”

Section: Astigmatismsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is agreement with the prevalence of hyperopia in this age group in the Gomez-Salazar et al 16 study. In keeping with the hyperopic shift known to occur in older people, [28][29][30] hyperopia increased to 34% in participants over 40, a similar prevalence to that reported in Mexican patients by Gomez-Salazar et al 16 Prevalence of hyperopia in people over 40 has been reported to be 25% in population based studies in the US and Europe. 13,19…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiasupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Ubels

Ismond

Timmermans

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Purpose: The population of Tijuana, Mexico is growing rapidly, with a current official population estimate of 1.7 million. Nearly 80,000 people migrate to Tijuana each year, resulting in the rise of neighborhoods with substandard housing, lack of services and inadequate access to health care, including eye care. This study describes refractive errors and the need for corrective lenses among participants attending free clinics in these neighborhoods where they received free eye exams and glasses during January 2016. Methods: This is a retrospective observational chart review of de-identified data collected from intake forms that were filled out for each participant at the clinics. Subjects were self-selected in response to announcements in the neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Subjects with presenting uncorrected visual acuity 20/30 OU or worse were examined with an autorefractor to measure spherical refractive error. Either prescription or reading glasses were then distributed to participants who had refractive errors. Epi Info, an open source program provided by the CDC, was used to analyze demographic, visual acuity and refractive error data. Results: Presenting visual acuity was evaluated in 1209 people. Of these patients, 70% had a visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. Only 23% of these patients had glasses. Among the patients who were given refractions, 13% had clinically significant myopia (-0.75 D or worse in at least one eye). In participants 20 years old and younger, only 8% had clinically significant myopia. Clinically significant hyperopia (+0.75 D or worse in at least one eye) was detected in 25% of participants. Astigmatism (-1.5 D or worse in at least one eye) was present in 18% of participants. Prescription glasses were given to 542 participants and 396 of these people received their first glasses. Reading glasses were given to 386 people. Among students only 15% presented at the clinics with glasses, while it was determined that 56% of student participants needed glasses. Conclusion: The high levels of uncorrected refractive error in this study suggest limited access to affordable eye care in neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Prevalence of myopia among adolescents and young adults is increasing in many parts of the world. In contrast, a relatively high prevalence of hyperopia was observed in this age group in Tijuana. The data demonstrate an urgent need for eye care and correction of refractive error in the study group.

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“…In Nigeria, the prevalence of myopia and HM was 16.1% and 2.1%, respectively, among 13,599 adults aged over 40 years as per the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Study [87]. In South Africa, the prevalence of myopia was 11.4% in 1939 adults aged over 35 years [88]. In the same vein, the prevalence of myopia was relatively low 14.4% among adults aged 35-55 years in MIROR Study in Colombia [89].…”

Section: Non-asian Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Myopia

2019

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The prevalence of myopia in children is high in urban East Asian countries. • The myopia and HM prevalence among young adults is much higher in East Asia than in Western countries. • The burden of HM is huge because HM can cause PM changes and visual impairment. • The prevalence of PM among adults has been relatively low, but it is likely to increase in future. • It is important to develop public policies and preventive measures to retard the epidemic myopia.

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Prevalence of Refractive Errors in the INK Area, Durban, South Africa

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence and types of refractive errors, and spectacle coverage in Sri Lankan adults: The Sri Lanka National survey of blindness and visual impairment

Prevalence and types of refractive errors, and spectacle coverage in Sri Lankan adults: The Sri Lanka National survey of blindness and visual impairment

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Global Epidemiology of Myopia

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