Prevalence of Sleep Problems in Hong Kong Primary School Children

Ng, Daniel; Kwok, Ka‐li; Cheung, Josephine M.; Leung, Suet Yi; Chow, Pok-yu; Wong, Wilfred Hing Sang; Chan, Chung-hong; Ho, Jackson C.

doi:10.1378/chest.128.3.1315

Cited by 121 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They investigated whether daytime naps could compensate for sleep insufficiency on the previous night, and concluded that daytime naps in nursery schools appeared to cause delayed sleep onset but was not a result of sleep deficit. Also, the average nocturnal sleep duration in our 134 subjects was similar to those (566-609 min) calculated from preschool children, aged 5-6 years, residing in other Japanese prefectures (Ishihara 2005), whereas it was remarkably short in Hong Kong primary school children at 6 years of age (546 ± 59 min) (Ng et al 2005). Unfortunately, as preschool teachers did not always examine actual daytime nap duration for each child, we could not address the issue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Such changes in the HRV parameters and SBP may lead to dysautonomia or hypotension in the near future, inasmuch as the sympathovagal balance does not seem to have been affected by nocturnal sleep duration. In addition, no HRV parameters in our preschool children aged 5-6 years were influenced by age or sex, while the CCV HF and CCV LF are considered to decrease with progressive age (Murata et al 1992;Tanaka et al 2000;Antelmi et al 2004); it may imply that the decreasing HRV in childhood is controlled more strongly by nocturnal sleep duration than by age, because sleep duration reduces in childhood (Thorleifsdottir et al 2002;Iglowstein et al 2003;Crosby et al 2005;Ishihara 2005;Ng et al 2005). Thus, sleep duration is suggested to be an important predictor for autonomic development in childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In spite of potential issues involved in the estimation of nocturnal sleep (Sekine et al 2002), the duration between bedtime and wake time for weekdays in preschool children aged 5 to 6 years has been reported to be 10-11 hrs in Iceland (Thorleifsdottir et al 2002), about 11 hrs in Switzerland (Iglowstein et al 2003), and 9.7-10.2 hrs in the U.S. (Crosby et al 2005), while sleep durations in Hong Kong and Japan seem to be somewhat short (Ishihara 2005;Ng et al 2005). Judging from these data, it could be hypothesized that the optimal duration of nocturnal sleep for preschool children is 10 hrs or more.…”

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Autonomic Hypofunction in Preschool Children with Short Nocturnal Sleep

Sampei

Murata

Dakeishi

et al. 2006

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Preschool children with sleep deficit may suffer from autonomic symptoms or hypotension. Heart rate variability, reflecting cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic activities, and blood pressure were assessed to clarify the effects of nocturnal sleep duration on cardiac autonomic function in 134 preschool children aged 5 and 6 years. Parents reported their children's typical bedtimes and wake times for weekdays. In the children, the mean nocturnal sleep duration (± standard deviation) was 575 ± 42 min. The parasympathetic and sympathetic activities and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly lower in the 80 children with short sleep (nocturnal sleep duration < 10 hrs) than in the 54 children with long sleep ( 10 hrs). Only the SBP was positively correlated with nocturnal sleep duration in the children ( p < 0.001); also, short nocturnal sleep duration was significantly related to hypotension (SBP < 100 mmHg), as judged by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among the children, inverse correlations were seen between the parasympathetic activity and SBP and between the sympathetic activity and diastolic blood pressure ( p < 0.05). These findings indicate that shortening of nocturnal sleep is associated with cardiac autonomic hypofunction and low SBP in preschool children. We suggest that sleep duration is an important predictor for autonomic development in childhood.nocturnal sleep duration; cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic activities; blood pressure; preschool children

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Autonomic Hypofunction in Preschool Children with Short Nocturnal Sleep

Sampei

Murata

Dakeishi

et al. 2006

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…SB is believed to be linked to problems such as; tooth wear and fractures of dental restorations, osteohypertrophy, muscle hypertrophy, temporomandibular joint and muscle pain, jaw locking, temporal headaches, and cheek-biting [5][6][7] although the evidence is scares for some of the proposed effects. The prevalence of SB is 8% in the normal adult population, decreases from 14% in childhood to 3% in the elderly and does not have gender differences [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choice of biomaterials—Do soft occlusal splints influence jaw-muscle activity during sleep? A preliminary report

Arima

Takeuchi

Tomonaga

et al. 2012

Applied Surface Science

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Highlights AbstractAim: The choice of biomaterials for occlusal splints may significantly influence biological outcome. In dentistry, hard acrylic occlusal splints (OS) have been shown to have a temporary and inhibitory effect on jaw-muscle activity, such as tooth clenching and grinding during sleep, i.e., sleep bruxism (SB). Traditionally, this inhibitory effect has been explained by changes in the intraoral condition rather than the specific effects of changes in occlusion. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of another type of occlusal surface, such as a soft-material OS in addition to a hard-type OS in terms of changes in jaw-muscle activity during sleep. Materials and Methods:Seven healthy subjects (mean ± SD, six men and one woman: 28.9 ± 2.7 year old), participated in this study. A soft-material OS (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer) was fabricated for each subject and the subjects used the OS for five continuous nights. The EMG activity during sleep was compared to baseline (no OS). Furthermore, the EMG activity during the use of a hard-type OS (Michigan-type OS, acrylic resin), and hard-type OS combined with contingent electrical stimulation (CES) was compared to baseline values. Each session was separated by at least two weeks (washout).Jaw-muscle activity during sleep was recorded with single-channel ambulatory devices (GrindCare, MedoTech, Herlev, Denmark) in all sessions for five nights. Results: Jaw-muscle activity during sleep was 46.6 ± 29.8 EMG events / hour at baseline and Applied Surface Science 5 significantly decreased during the hard-type OS (17.4 ± 10.5, P = 0.007) and the hard-type OS + CES (10.8 ± 7.1, P = 0.002), but not soft-material OS (36.3 ± 24.5, P = 0.055). Interestingly, the soft-material OS (coefficient of variance = 98.6 ± 35.3 %) was associated with greater night-to-night variations than baseline (39.0 ± 11.8%) and the hard-type OS + CES (53.3 ± 13.7%, P < 0.013). Conclusion: The present pilot study in small sample showed that a soft-material occlusal splint does not seem to inhibit jaw-muscle activity during sleep. Within the limitation of the study, it appears that the choice of biomaterials for occlusal splints may have a significant impact on the neurobiological regulation of jaw-muscle activity during sleep.

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“…In the pediatric population, the risk for developing SDB is fourfold greater in obese children than in children who are not obese (2). Although the prevalence of SDB in all children is believed to range from 2 to 3% (3)(4)(5), the prevalence in adolescents who are morbidly obese exceeds 50% (6,7). Obesity is therefore strongly associated with abnormal upper airway control during sleep across all age groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

Amin

Anthony

Somers³

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

168

125

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Rationale: Adenotonsillectomy, the first line of treatment of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB), is the most commonly performed pediatric surgery. Predictors of the recurrence of SDB after adenotonsillectomy and its impact on cardiovascular risk factors have not been identified. Objectives: Demonstrate that gain velocity in body mass index (BMI) defined as unit increase in BMI/year confers an independent risk for the recurrence of SDB 1 year after adenotonsillectomy. Methods: Children with SDB and hypertrophy of the tonsils and a comparison group of healthy children were followed prospectively for 1 year. Measurements and Main Results: Serial polysomnographies, BMI, and blood pressure were obtained before adenotonsillectomy and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Gain velocity in BMI, BMI and being African American (odds ratios, 4-6/unit change/yr; 1.4/unit and 15, respectively) provided equal amounts of predictive power to the risk of recurrence of SDB. In the group that experienced recurrence, systolic blood pressure at 1 year was higher than at baseline and higher than in children who did not experience recurrence. Conclusions: Three clinical parameters confer independent increased risk for high recurrence of SDB after adenotonsillectomy: gain velocity in BMI, obesity, and being African American. A long-term follow-up of children with SDB and monitoring of gain velocity in BMI are essential to identifying children at risk for recurrence of SDB and in turn at risk for hypertension. Keywords: growth velocity; adenotonsillectomy; sleep-disordered breathingOne of the most frequently encountered conditions associated with obesity is sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). In adults, the risk of SDB increases by 1.14 for every unit increase in body mass index (BMI) (1). In the pediatric population, the risk for developing SDB is fourfold greater in obese children than in children who are not obese (2). Although the prevalence of SDB in all children is believed to range from 2 to 3% (3-5), the prevalence in adolescents who are morbidly obese exceeds 50% (6, 7). Obesity is therefore strongly associated with abnormal upper airway control during sleep across all age groups.Adenotonsillectomy, the first line of treatment in the management of childhood SDB, is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in children. The annual rate of adenotonsillectomy in children aged 0 to 14 years ranges from 19 per 10,000 in Canada to 115 per 10,000 in the Netherlands (8). At least half of these procedures are performed to relieve symptoms of SDB. In the first few weeks after adenotonsillectomy, obese children with SDB have a less favorable response to surgery than lean children. However, neither the long-term outcome nor the factors that contribute to recurrence of the disorder after adenotonsillectomy are clearly understood. Moreover, the impact of recurrence of SDB on important cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure (BP), has never been examined.Research investigating the relationship between adiposity and SDB h...

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Prevalence of Sleep Problems in Hong Kong Primary School Children

Cited by 121 publications

References 27 publications

Cardiac Autonomic Hypofunction in Preschool Children with Short Nocturnal Sleep

Cardiac Autonomic Hypofunction in Preschool Children with Short Nocturnal Sleep

Choice of biomaterials—Do soft occlusal splints influence jaw-muscle activity during sleep? A preliminary report

Growth Velocity Predicts Recurrence of Sleep-disordered Breathing 1 Year after Adenotonsillectomy

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